Table 2.
Studies included in systematic review
| Study | LOE | Fraction of study population evaluated | Population by GMFCS level | Control group | Age at the time of SDR (range), y:mo | Follow‐up (y) | Outcome of interest | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ailon et al.8 | IV | 44/142 | II (8), III (16), IV (17), V (3) | No | Mean 4:6 (2:11–7:8) | >10, mean 14:6 | Spasticity, GMF, ROM, strength | MAS in hip adductors, ROM hip abduction, quadriceps strength, GMFM |
| Bolster et al.9 | III | 20/36 | I–II (6), III (14) | Comparison to motor development curves | Median 6:4 (2:10–12:1) | 10 | GMF | GMFM‐66 ‐ centiles |
| Daunter et al.6 | IV | 38/unknown | I (2), II (7), III (11), IV (14), V (4) | 50 age matched patients with all CP subtypes | Mean 5:5, all <10y | 22 | Pain, fatigue, function | Internet survey: PROMIS, FSS, self‐reported change in function and walking ability |
| Dudley et al.10 | IV | 57/105 | Only 52 of 105 classified | No | Mean 5:0 (3:0–10:6) | 10 | Spasticity, GMF, ADL | MAS, GMFM‐88, PEDI |
| Hurvitz et al.7 | IV | 88/271 | I (7%), II (18%), III (23%), IV (36%), V (16%) | No | Mean 6:0 (SD 3:11) | 19±3 | Function, pain | Telephone or clinic interview, SWLS, NPRS |
| Josenby et al.11 | IV | 29/35 | I (1), II (8), III (7), IV (12), V (1) | No | Median 4:4 (2:6–6:7) | 10 | Spasticity, ROM, GMF | MAS, ROM, GMFM‐66 |
| Josenby et al.12 | IV | 24/35 | I (1), II (7), III (4), IV (11), V (1) | No | Median 4:1 (2:5–6:4) | 10 | ADL | PEDI |
| Langerak et al.13 | IV | 13/unknown | Walkers | None with CP, 12 age‐matched typically developing controls | Mean 7:4 (2:0–14:0) | 20 | Gait, ROM | 2D gait analysis, ROM |
| Langerak et al.14 | IV | 14/14 | I (7), II (3), III (3), IV (1) | No | Mean 7:4 (2:0–14:0) | 20 | GMF, ICF | GMFCS, ICF |
| Langerak et al.15 | IV | 31/47 | All ambulant (I–III) | No | Median 5:2 (2:0–27:0) | 17–26 | Activity and participation | Interview: FMS, Life Habit |
| Langerak et al.16 | IV | 31/47 | All ambulant (I–III) | None with CP, 43 age‐matched typically developing controls | Median 5:2 (2:0–27:0) | 17–26 | Gait | 3D gait analysis, GDI |
| Munger et al.17 | III | 24+11/96a | Walkers | 11 matched controls fulfilling criteria for SDR | Median 4:9 (SD 2:11) | 10–17 | Gait, spasticity, QoL, pain, participation | 3D gait analysis, GDI, MAS |
| Park et al.18 | IV | 95/431 | I (21%), II (28%), III (31%), IV (14%), V (5%)b | No | Mean 6.0 (2:0–17:11) | 20–28 | Ambulation, pain, satisfaction with life | SWLS, GMFCS, NPRS |
| Subramanian et al.19 | IV | 11/14 | Walkers | None with CP, 12 age‐matched typically developing controls | Mean 7:10 (2:6–13:2) | 10 | Gait | 2D gait analysis |
| Tedroff et al.20 | IV | 19/19 | I (3), II (4), III (2), IV (10)b | No | Mean 4:7 (SD 1:8) | 10 | GMF, spasticity, gait, ROM | GMFM‐88, Wilson gait scale, MAS, ROM |
| Tedroff et al.21 | IV | 18/19 | I (3), II (5), III (3), IV (6), V (1)b | No | Mean 4:7 (SD 1:8) | 15–19, median 17 | GMF, spasticity, gait, ROM, QoL, pain | GMFM‐88, Wilson gait scale, MAS, ROM, SF‐36, Brief Pain Inventory |
24 selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), 11 controls, out of 96 invited. Follow‐up with gait analysis at 10y; 13/24 SDR group, 8/11 control group, total not separated.
Data shown are Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels at follow‐up. LOE, Level of Evidence (according to Oxford Center for Evidence‐based Medicine 2011); GMF, Gross Motor Function; ROM, range of motion; MAS, Modified Ashworth Scale; GMFM, Gross Motor Function Measure; CP, cerebral palsy; PROMIS, Patient‐reported Outcome Measurement Information System; FSS, Fatigue Severity Scale; ADL, activities of daily living; PEDI, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory; SD, standard deviation; SWLS, Satisfaction With Life Scale; NPRS, Numeric Pain Rating Scale; ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; FMS, Functional Mobility Scale; GDI, Gait Deviation Index; QoL, quality of life.