Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants
| Study (year) | Intervention/Control (n) | Age (years) | Female | Type of BD (I/II) | Onset age (years) | Number of mood episodes | Seasonality | Taking mood stabilizer (%) | Taking AP (%) | Taking AD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yorguner Küpeli et al. (2018)32 | Intervention (16) | 42.1 (9.1) | 10/16 (62.5%) |
I: 10/16 (62.5%) II: 6/16 (37.5%) |
25.81 (5.84) | NA | 4/16 (25.0%) |
Li 9/16 (56.2%) LTG 2/16 (12.5%) VPA 3/16 (18.8%) CBZ 0/16 (0%) |
6/16 (37.5%) | 6/16 (37.5%) |
| Control (16) | 37.1 (8.2) | 16/16 (100%) |
I: 7/16 (43.8%) II: 9/16 (56.2%) |
22.62 (5.36) | NA | 3/16 (18.8%) |
Li 8/16 (50.0%) LTG 5/16 (31.3%) VPA 3/16 (18.8%) CBZ 2/16 (12.5%) |
9/16 (56%) | 6/16 (37.5%) | |
| Colombo et al. (2000)34 | Intervention (42) | 44.0 (12.4) | 29/40 (72.5%) | NA | 28.2 (11.8) | 7.5 (5.4) | NA | Li 17/40 (42.5%) | NA | NA |
| Control (38) | 43.3 (13.6) | 22/33 (66.7%) | NA | 28.1 (8.70) | 9.2 (10.1) | NA | Li 14/33 (42.4%) | NA | NA | |
| Sit et al. (2018)17 | Intervention (23) | 45.7 (14.3) | 60.9% (14/23) |
I: 13/23 (56.5%) II: 10/23 (43.5%) |
16.8 (8.5) | NA | 19/23 (82.6%) |
AC 12/23 (52.2%) Li 6/23 (26.1%) |
14/23 (60.9%) | 17/23 (73.9%) |
| Control (23) | 43.7 (15.0) | 73.9% (17/23) |
I: 18/23 (78.3%) II: 5//23 (21.7%) |
15.3 (8.9) | NA | 19/23 (82.6%) |
AC 15/23 (65.2%) Li 4/23 (17.4%) |
17/23 (73.9%) | 19/23 (82.6%) | |
| Dauphinais et al. (2012)20 | Intervention (18) | 42.4 (12.4) | 72.2% (13/18) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Control (20) | 43.1 (16.0) | 75% (15/20) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Zhou et al. (2018)18 | Intervention (37) | 35.1 (14.2) | 60.6% (20/33) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 100% (37/37) | 100% (37/37) | 0% (0/37) |
| Control (37) | 39.7 (13.5) | 46.7% (14/30) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 100% (37/37) | 100% (37/37) | 0% (0/37) | |
| Franchini et al. (2009)33 | Intervention (17) | 45.2 (14.9) | 41.2% (7/17) | NA | 32.8 (13.2) | 6.6 (4.5) | NA | Li 5/17 (29.4%) | NA | 17/17 (100%) |
| Control (10) | 54.0 (12.2) | 70.0% (7/10) | NA | 41.3 (12.0) | 8.5 (3.5) | NA | Li 6/10 (60.0%) | NA | 10/10 (100%) |
AC, anticonvulsants; AD, antidepressants; AP, antipsychotics; BD, bipolar disorder; CBZ, carbamazepine; Li, lithium; LTG, lamotrigine; NA, not available; VPA, valproate.