Table 4.
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality rates per 1,000 years (95% confidence intervals) during the 5‐years after diagnosis of cervical cancer, head and neck cancers, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Kaposi’ sarcoma, liver cancer, lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma
| 1996–2005 | 2006–2015 | Unadjusted MRR2 (95% CI) for 2006–2015 vs. 1996–2005 | Adjusted MRR2 (95% CI) for 2006–2015 vs. 1996–2005 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| End point | Deaths | Crude rate | Standardised rate1 | Deaths | Crude rate | Standardised rate1 | ||
| Cervical cancer | n = 51 (0 Male, 51 Female) | n = 91 (0 Male, 91 Female) | ||||||
| All | 8 | 39 (20, 79) | 33 (16, 68) | 16 | 60 (37, 98) | 54 (35, 83) | 1.44 (0.60, 3.46) | 1.15 (0.42, 3.13) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 3 | 15 (5, 46) | 21 (15, 30) | 4 | 15 (6, 40) | 9 (2, 34) | ||
| ADM | 3 | 15 (5, 46) | 3 (0, 23) | 7 | 26 (13, 55) | 28 (20, 39) | ||
| NADM | 0 | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 2 | 8 (2, 30) | 9 (7, 13) | ||
| Other | 1 | 5 (1, 35) | 5 (0, 47) | 2 | 8 (2, 30) | 3 (0, 33) | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 5 (1, 35) | 5 (0, 47) | 1 | 4 (1, 27) | 4 (1, 25) | ||
| Head/neck cancers | n = 42 (35 Male, 7 Female) | n = 96 (83 Male, 13 Female) | ||||||
| All | 18 | 182 (115, 289) | 183 (71, 473) | 36 | 175 (126, 242) | 162 (108, 244) | 0.76 (0.41, 1.41) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 1 | 10 (1, 72) | 20 (4, 115) | 1 | 5 (1, 34) | 2 (0, 14) | ||
| ADM | 0 | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1 | 5 (1, 34) | 10 (1, 83) | ||
| NADM | 15 | 152 (91, 251) | 136 (60, 310) | 21 | 102 (67, 156) | 90 (50, 160) | ||
| Other | 2 | 20 (5, 80) | 27 (7, 104) | 5 | 24 (10, 58) | 15 (5, 44) | ||
| Unknown | 0 | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 8 | 39 (19, 78) | 46 (29, 72) | ||
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | n = 109 (98 Male, 11 Female) | n = 196 (170 Male, 26 Female) | ||||||
| All | 28 | 74 (51, 107) | 71 (57, 87) | 35 | 64 (46, 89) | 62 (37, 105) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.48, 1.57) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 6 | 16 (7, 35) | 13 (9, 20) | 4 | 7 (3, 20) | 7 (2, 25) | ||
| ADM | 4 | 11 (4, 28) | 16 (9, 31) | 7 | 13 (6, 27) | 14 (5, 40) | ||
| NADM | 10 | 26 (14, 49) | 17 (6, 45) | 13 | 24 (14, 41) | 21 (10, 47) | ||
| Other | 6 | 16 (7, 35) | 23 (11, 48) | 6 | 11 (5, 24) | 10 (4, 26) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | 5 (1, 21) | 2 (0, 9) | 5 | 9 (4, 22) | 9 (7, 13) | ||
| Kaposi's sarcoma | n = 616 (542 Male, 74 Female) | n = 547 (489 Male, 58 Female) | ||||||
| All | 128 | 55 (46, 66) | 46 (40, 54) | 80 | 48 (39, 60) | 43 (36, 51) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.67, 1.22) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 46 | 20 (15, 27) | 19 (14, 24) | 19 | 12 (7, 18) | 9 (6, 13) | ||
| ADM | 39 | 17 (12, 23) | 14 (11, 20) | 27 | 16 (11, 24) | 16 (12, 21) | ||
| NADM | 4 | 2 (1, 5) | 1 (0, 4) | 2 | 1 (0, 5) | 1 (0, 3) | ||
| Other | 19 | 8 (5, 13) | 6 (4, 8) | 19 | 12 (7, 18) | 11 (7, 16) | ||
| Unknown | 20 | 9 (6, 13) | 7 (4, 10) | 13 | 8 (5, 14) | 7 (4, 11) | ||
| Liver cancer | n = 42 (39 Male, 3 Female) | n = 95 (76 Male, 19 Female) | ||||||
| All | 30 | 626 (434, 895) | 324 (141, 744) | 56 | 398 (306, 517) | 401 (300, 536) | 0.61 (0.38, 1.00) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.76) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 1 | 21 (3, 148) | 6 (1, 61) | 1 | 7 (1, 50) | 2 (0, 18) | ||
| ADM | 0 | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1 | 7 (1, 50) | 3 (0, 24) | ||
| NADM | 17 | 355 (221, 571) | 180 (63, 519) | 11 | 78 (43, 141) | 79 (27, 231) | ||
| Liver‐related | 8 | 167 (83, 334) | 60 (14, 250) | 31 | 220 (155, 313) | 225 (171, 297) | ||
| Other | 3 | 63 (20, 194) | 32 (1, 157) | 2 | 14 (4, 57) | 10 (2, 51) | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 21 (3, 148) | 46 (14, 155) | 10 | 71 (38, 132) | 82 (54, 124) | ||
| Lung cancer | N = 116 (101 Male, 15 Female) | N = 255 (217 Male, 38 Female) | ||||||
| All | 92 | 1,019 (831, 1,250) | 791 (329, 1901) | 184 | 752 (651, 869) | 933 (756, 1,153) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.06) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.15) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 3 | 33 (11, 103) | 17 (2, 123) | 2 | 8 (2, 33) | 19 (7, 54) | ||
| ADM | 2 | 22 (6, 89) | 14 (2, 94) | 1 | 4 (1, 29) | 4 (1, 25) | ||
| NADM | 64 | 709 (555, 906) | 557 (198, 157) | 133 | 544 (459, 644) | 669 (508, 882) | ||
| Other | 12 | 133 (76, 234) | 106 (53, 214) | 11 | 45 (25, 81) | 46 (25, 83) | ||
| Unknown | 11 | 151 (110, 209) | 96 (50, 183) | 37 | 151 (110, 208) | 195 (130, 292) | ||
| Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma | n = 449 (371 Male, 78 Female) | n = 464 (389 Male, 75 Female) | ||||||
| All | 234 | 237 (208, 269) | 177 (121, 259) | 168 | 173 (148, 201) | 148 (107, 205) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.77) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.81) |
| AIDS (not ADM) | 38 | 38 (28, 53) | 23 (9, 55) | 19 | 20 (12, 31) | 15 (11, 21) | ||
| ADM | 130 | 132 (111, 156) | 99 (69, 141) | 104 | 107 (88, 129) | 91 (62, 134) | ||
| NADM | 11 | 11 (6, 20) | 5 (2, 16) | 4 | 4 (2, 11) | 3 (1, 7) | ||
| Other | 17 | 17 (11, 28) | 13 (5, 30) | 13 | 13 (8, 23) | 10 (6, 18) | ||
| Unknown | 38 | 38 (28, 53) | 37 (31, 44) | 28 | 29 (20, 42) | 28 (21, 38) | ||
1
Standardised by sex/risk group and age to the ART‐CC population diagnosed with cancer (by risk group and age to the female ART‐CC population for cervical cancer).
2
Cox models stratified by cohort. Adjusted model contains sex/transmission risk category, and age, CD4 cells/mm3 and RNA copies/ml at cancer diagnosis.
Abbreviations: ADM, AIDS‐defining malignancy; CI, confidence interval; NADM, Non‐AIDS defining malignancy; MRR, mortality rate ratio; MSM, Men who have sex with men.