Fig. 2.

CPI-613 induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. a, b The effects of CPI-613 on apoptosis. AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells were treated with or without 200 μM CPI-613 for 48 h, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining (a) and JC-1 fluorescent probe (b), respectively. c The molecular changes in apoptosis determined by Western blot with antibodies against PARP, c-Caspase 3, Bcl-2, and Bax. The quantification of Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels from three independent experiments was shown in lower panel. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01