TABLE 2.
Organisms isolated from blood cultures among febrile hospitalized patients in 34 studies in Africa and Asia in 1984 through 2018
| Organism group and species isolated | No. of isolates (% of total isolates) | No. of isolates from adults (% of isolates from adults) | No. of isolates from children (% of isolates from children) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enterobacteriaceae | 1,676 (52.0) | 861 (48.2) | 815 (56.9) |
| Salmonella enterica | 1,119 (34.8) | 558 (31.2) | 561 (39.1) |
| Typhoidal Salmonellaa | 328 (10.2) | 195 (10.9) | 133 (9.3) |
| S. enterica serovar Typhi | 273 (8.5) | 146 (8.2) | 127 (8.9) |
| S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A | 11 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 6 (0.4) |
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella | 758 (23.5) | 333 (18.6) | 425 (29.7) |
| S. enterica serovar Typhimurium | 399 (12.4) | 221 (12.4) | 178 (12.4) |
| S. enterica serovar Enteritidis | 126 (3.9) | 73 (4.1) | 53 (3.7) |
| Other S. enterica serovarsb | 7 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) |
| No serovar presented | 226 (7.0) | 35 (2.0) | 191 (13.5) |
| Unspecified Salmonella enterica | 33 (1.0) | 30 (1.7) | 3 (0.2) |
| Non-Salmonella enterica Enterobacteriaceae | 557 (17.3) | 303 (17.0) | 254 (17.7) |
| Escherichia coli | 282 (8.8) | 189 (10.6) | 93 (6.5) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 105 (3.3) | 20 (1.1) | 85 (5.9) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 91 (2.8) | 55 (3.1) | 36 (2.5) |
| Proteus spp. | 12 (0.4) | 9 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) |
| Proteus mirabilis | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Citrobacter spp. | 16 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 13 (0.9) |
| Shigella spp. | 8 (0.2) | 7 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) |
| Morganella morganii | 5 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other Enterobacteriaceaec | 38 (1.2) | 15 (0.8) | 23 (1.6) |
| Other Gram-negative organisms | 320 (9.9) | 122 (6.8) | 198 (13.8) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 78 (2.4) | 4 (0.2) | 74 (5.2) |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 46 (1.4) | 4 (0.2) | 42 (2.9) |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 55 (1.7) | 36 (2.0) | 19 (1.3) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 8 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 54 (1.7) | 21 (1.2) | 33 (2.3) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 22 (0.7) | 4 (0.2) | 18 (1.3) |
| Neisseria spp. | 28 (0.9) | 24 (1.3) | 4 (0.3) |
| Neisseria meningitides | 21 (0.7) | 17 (1.0) | 14 (1.0) |
| Alcaligenes spp. | 11 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 10 (0.7) |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | 7 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.4) |
| Burkholderia cepacia | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Sphingomonas paucimobilis | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) |
| Additional Gram-negative organismsd | 20 (0.6) | 13 (0.7) | 7 (0.5) |
| Unspecified Gram-negative organisms | 55 (1.7) | 12 (0.7) | 43 (3.0) |
| Gram-positive organisms | 854 (26.5) | 450 (25.2) | 404 (28.2) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 425 (13.2) | 248 (13.9) | 177 (12.4) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 241 (7.5) | 113 (6.3) | 128 (8.9) |
| Enterococcus spp. | 56 (1.7) | 18 (1.0) | 38 (2.7) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) | 16 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 15 (1.0) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) | 29 (0.9) | 14 (0.8) | 15 (1.0) |
| Streptococcus group D | 13 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 11 (0.8) |
| Streptococcus group G | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other Streptococcus spp.e | 42 (1.4) | 31 (1.7) | 11 (0.8) |
| Other Gram-positive organismsf | 11 (0.3) | 10 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) |
| Unspecified Gram-positive organisms | 19 (0.6) | 11 (0.6) | 8 (0.6) |
| Yeasts | 94 (2.9) | 78 (4.4) | 16 (1.1) |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 61 (1.9) | 61 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other Cryptococcus spp.k | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Candida spp. | 20 (0.6) | 5 (0.3) | 15 (1.0) |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | 5 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Talaromyces marneffei | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unspecified yeast | 1 (<0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Mycobacteriag | 245 (7.6) | 245 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | 206 (6.4) | 206 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mycobacterium avium complex | 28 (0.9) | 28 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mycobacterium simiae | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other Mycobacterium spp.h | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unspecified Mycobacterium | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other unspecified or unidentified organisms | 31 (1.0) | 31 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Organisms isolated | 3,220i | 1,787 | 1,433 |
| BSIj | 3,146 (10.8) | 1,746 (12.1) | 1,400 (9.6) |
| Febrile inpatients | 29,022 | 14,380 | 14,642 |
Forty-four isolates were classified as serovar Typhi/Paratyphi by Morch et al. (60).
Including serovars Choleraesuis (n = 3), Newport (n = 1), Brancaster (n = 1), Freetown (n = 1), and Infantis (n = 1).
Including coliforms (n = 17), Klebsiella/Enterobacter unspecified (n = 15), Pantoea spp. (n = 3), Plesiomonas spp. (n = 2), and Providencia sp. (n = 1).
Including Serratia spp. (n = 5), Aeromonas spp. (n = 4), Campylobacter spp. (n = 2), Bacteroides spp. (n = 2), Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 1), Pasteurella sp. (n = 1), Xanthomonas maltophilia (n = 1), CDC group 3 (n = 1), Vibrio cholerae (n = 1), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 1), and Flavobacterium sp. (n = 1).
Including Streptococcus viridans (n = 3) when the study classified it as BSI, although it was likely a contaminant.
Including Aerococcus spp. (n = 5), Rhodococcus equi (n = 4), Nocardia sp. (n = 1), and Clostridium perfringens (n = 1).
Only 2,115 of 42,060 participants received mycobacterial blood cultures.
Including Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (n = 2) and Mycobacterium sherrisii (n = 1).
The number isolated is greater than the number of BSI due to polymicrobial infections.
Values in parentheses indicate proportions of febrile inpatients.
Including Cryptococcus laurentii (n = 2) and unspecified Cryptococcus spp. (n = 1).