Table 2.
The summary of the studies in which the number of LCs was measured in SCC.
| First author, date | No of cases | The purpose(s) of the study | Langerhans cells immunostaining measurement method | Measurement location | Cell numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korenberg, 1987 [26] | 12 | Quantification of LCs in inflamed and noninflamed keratoakanthoma and SCC | Anti-S100 antibody Calculation in 4 HPFs |
Intratumoural | Inflamed SCC: 2.6 (range 0-8) or 3.2 (0-10) Noninflamed SCC: 2.0 (0-8) or 3.0 (0-7) |
| Tucci, 1998, [29] | 5 | Analysis of relationship between transformation of keratinocytes and markers of oncogenesis | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation per 0.01 mm2 in 10 fields of vision |
Intratumoural | 2.98 ± 1.94 |
| Wei, 1998 [16] | 36 | Analysis of association of S100+ cells presence in SCC and presence of metastates | Polyclonal anti-S100 antibody Three cases with/with no metastasis stained with anti-CD1a antibody Calculation per mm2 |
Intra- and peritumoural | PT: mean 314 ± 50/mm2 (range: 0-1243) When stained with anti-CD1a 57% of S100+ cells were identified IT: mean 317 ± 42/mm2 (range: 0-893) No diffrences when stained with CD1a |
| Berhane, 2001 [50] | 19 | Analysis of progression of AK to SSC | Anti-CD1 antibodies Calculation by the number per mm2 |
Intratumoural | CD1: 277 ± 77 cells/mm2 |
| Ko, 2006 [51] | 10 | Comparison of BCL-2 and CD1a staining in various skin pathologies | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation in 2 HPFs of 0.25 mm2 |
Intratumoural | 15.9 ± 12.2 |
| Rotsztejn, 2006 [30] | 5 | Analysis of LC number in vulvar SCC | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation per 10 HPFs |
Intratumoural | 1.0-1.7 (range 0.0-4.0) |
| Galan, 2007 [31] | 12 | Comparison of LC in PEH vs SCC | Anti-CD1a antibodies Calculation in two different 0.5 mm2 fields of vision |
Epidermis overlying the tumours | 7.5/0.5 mm2 |
| Rotsztejn, 2007 [52] | 13 | Analysis of LC number in vulvar SCC | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation per 10 HPFs |
Intratumoural | 0.85±−0.90 (range 0.0-2.0) |
| Bluth, 2009 [52] | 10 | Analysis of immune microenvironment and function of tumour myeloid DCs | Anti-CD1a and anti-CD207 antibodies Calculation based on computer-assisted manual counting of positive cells Extrapolation to unit area (100,000 μm2) |
Intra- and peritumoural | IT: CD1a: 7.1/100,000 μm2, (median) CD207: 7.0/100,000 μm2 (median) PT: CD1a: 0.0/100,000 μm2, (median) CD207: 0.0100,000 μm2 (median) |
| Takahara, 2009 [34] | 15 | Analysis of correlation between tumour cell proliferation and epidermal LC | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation per three HPFs |
Intratumoural | 9.4 ± 2.77 |
| Sandvik, 2014 [27] | 30 (15 RTR, 15 control) | Quantification of cells in surrounding of SCC and LC in epithelial tumour nests Comparison with IC patients |
Anti-CD207 antibody Calculation among the keratinocytes in the tumour in average 8 random places Then extrapolated to number per mm2 |
Intra- and peritumoural | Intratumoural: -IS patients: median 30/mm2 -IC patients: median 35/mm2 |
| Gomes, 2015 [53] | 21 | Comparison of density and distribution in epithelium and IDC of LC in AC and SCC | Anti-CD1a antibody Calculation in seven fields of vision Then extrapolated to 1 mm2 |
Epithelium and connective tissue of the tumour | Epithelium: 44.44 ± 20.65 Connective tissue (interstitial dendritic cells): 21.16 ± 12.48 |
AC: actinic cheilitis; AK: actinic keratosis; CD: cluster of differentiation; DC: dendritic cells; HPF: high-power fields; IC: immunocompetent; IS: immunosuppressive; IT: intratumoural; LC: Langerhans cells; PEH: pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia; PT: peritumoural; RTR: renal transplant recipient; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.