Table 1.
Characteristics of the 34 studies included in the meta-analysis.
| First author, source, year | Patient geographic location | Total cases | Age in years, mean ± SD or median (range) | COVID-19 severity | Extracted disease comorbidity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU and/or severe/ARDS COVID-19, n (%) | Non-ICU and/or nonsevere COVID-19, n (%) | |||||
| Cao M, medRxiv, 2020 [2] | Shanghai | 198 | 50.1 ± 16.3 | 19 (9.6%) | 179 (90.4%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Chen C, Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 2020 [81] | Wuhan | 150 | 59 ± 16 | 24 (16.0%) | 126 (84.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Chen G, J Clin Invest, 2020 [82] | Wuhan | 21 | 56 (50-65) | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Chen X, medRxiv, 2020 [3] | Changsha | 291 | 46 (34-59) | 50 (17.2%) | 241 (82.8%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Chen XH, medRxiv, 2020 [4] | Wuhan | 48 | 64.6 ± 18.1 | 27 (56.3%) | 21 (43.7%) | Hypertension, CVD, CLD, diabetes |
| Fan L, medRxiv, 2020 [83] | Shenyang | 55 | 46.8 | 8 (14.5%) | 47 (85.5%) | CVD, diabetes |
| Feng Z, medRxiv, 2020 [84] | Changsha | 141 | 44 (34-55) | 15 (10.6%) | 126 (89.4%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Guan W, N Engl J Med, 2020 [13] | National | 1,099 | 47 (35-58) | 173 (16.0%) | 926 (84.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Hu L, medRxiv, 2020 [85] | Wuhan | 323 | 61 (23-91) | 172 (53.3%) | 151 (46.7%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Huang C, Lancet, 2020 [5] | Wuhan | 41 | 49 (41-58) | 13 (32.0%) | 28 (68.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Huang H, medRxiv, 2020 [86] | Guangzhou | 125 | 44.87 ± 18.55 | 32 (25.6%) | 93 (74.4%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Li KH, Invest Radiol, 2020 [87] | Chongqing | 83 | 45.5 ± 12.3 | 25 (30.1%) | 58 (69.9%) | Hypertension |
| Li Y, Curr Med Sci, 2020 [88] | Wuhan | 25 | NA | 9 (36.0%) | 16 (64.0%) | Hypertension, CVD |
| Liu J, medRxiv, 2020 [15] | Wuhan | 40 | 48.7 ± 13.9 | 13 (33.0%) | 27 (68.0%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Liu JY, medRxiv, 2020 [89] | Beijing | 61 | 40 (1-86) | 17 (28.0%) | 44 (72.0%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Liu L, medRxiv, 2020 [90] | Chongqing | 51 | 45 (34-51) | 7 (13.7%) | 44 (86.3%) | Hypertension |
| Liu W, Chin med J (Engl), 2020 [91] | Wuhan | 78 | 38 (33-57) | 11 (14.1%) | 67 (85.9%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Liu Y, medRxiv, 2020 [92] | Wuhan | 109 | 55 (43-66) | 53 (48.6%) | 56 (51.4%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, diabetes |
| Lu H, medRxiv, 2020 [16] | Shanghai | 265 | NA | 22 (8.3%) | 243 (91.7%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, diabetes |
| Mao L, medRxiv, 2020 [93] | Wuhan | 214 | 52.7 ± 15.5 | 88 (41.1%) | 126 (58.9%) | Hypertension, CKD, diabetes |
| Qi D, medRxiv, 2020 [94] | Chongqing | 267 | 48 (20-80) | 50 (18.7%) | 217 (81.3%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Qin C, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 [95] | Wuhan | 452 | 58 (47-67) | 286 (63.3%) | 166 (36.7%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Shi Y, Crit Care, 2020 [96] | Zhejiang | 487 | 46 ± 19 | 49 (10.1%) | 438 (89.9%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Wan S, J Med Viro, 2020 [97] | Chongqing | 135 | 47 (36-55) | 40 (29.6%) | 95 (70.4%) | Hypertension, CVD, CLD, diabetes |
| Wang D, JAMA, 2020 [6] | Wuhan | 138 | 56 (42-68) | 36 (26.0%) | 102 (74.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, diabetes |
| Wang L, Am J Nephrol, 2020 [98] | Wuhan | 116 | 54 (38-69) | 57 (49.1%) | 59 (50.9%) | Hypertension, CKD, diabetes |
| Wang YF, medRxiv, 2020 [99] | Wuhan | 110 | NA | 38 (34.5%) | 72 (65.5%) | Hypertension, diabetes |
| Wu C, JAMA Intern Med, 2020 [100] | Wuhan | 201 | 51 (43-60) | 84 (41.8%) | 117 (58.2%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Xie H, Liver Int, 2020 [101] | Wuhan | 79 | 60 (48-66) | 28 (35.4%) | 51 (64.6%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Xu YH, medRxiv, 2020 [11] | Guangzhou | 45 | 56.7 ± 15.4 | 20 (44.4%) | 25 (55.6%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
| Zhang GQ, medRxiv, 2020 [10] | Wuhan | 221 | 55 (39-66.5) | 55 (24.9%) | 166 (75.1%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Zhang JJ, Allergy, 2020 [102] | Wuhan | 140 | 57 (25-87) | 58 (41.4%) | 82 (58.6%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, CLD, diabetes |
| Zhao W, medRxiv, 2020 [103] | Beijing | 77 | 52 ± 20 | 20 (26.0%) | 57 (74.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, CKD, diabetes |
| Zhou Y, medRxiv, 2020 [104] | Wuhan | 377 | NA | 117 (31.0%) | 260 (69.0%) | Hypertension, CVD, diabetes |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CLD: chronic liver disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; NA: not available.