Table 4.
Epidemiological characteristics of liver injury in COVID-19 patients.
| First author, source, year | Location | No. of patients | No. of severe patients (%) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao J, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 [27] | Wuhan | 102 | 18 (17.6%) | 13 cases of acute liver injury from 17 nonsurvivors, 21 cases of acute liver injury from 85 survivors. |
| Cao M, medRxiv, 2020 [2] | Shanghai | 198 | 19 (9.6%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients, while albumin was significantly decreased. |
| Chen G, J Clin Invest, 2020 [82] | Wuhan | 21 | 11 (52.4%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, and LDH levels were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients, while albumin was significantly decreased. |
| Fan L, medRxiv,2020 [83] | Shenyang | 55 | 8 (14.5%) | 11 cases of liver dysfunction from 47 mild patients, 6 cases of liver dysfunction from 8 severe patients. |
| Guan W, N Engl J Med, 2020 [13] | National | 1,099 | 173 (15.7%) | Increased AST levels in 112 of 615 nonsevere patients, 56 of 142 severe patients, and increased ALT levels in 120 of 606 nonsevere patients, 38 of 135 severe patients. |
| Huang C, Lancet, 2020 [5] | Wuhan | 41 | 13 (31.7%) | Elevated levels of AST were observed in 8 of 13 (61.5%) ICU patients and 7 of 28 (25%) non-ICU patients. Compared to non-ICU patients, ALT levels were significantly increased in ICU patients. |
| Huang H, medRxiv, 2020 [86] | Wuhan | 125 | 32 (25.6%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients. |
| Liu J, medRxiv, 2020 [15] | Wuhan | 40 | 13 (32.5%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients. |
| Lu H, medRxiv, 2020 [16] | Shanghai | 265 | 22 (8.3%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, and LDH levels were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients, while albumin was significantly decreased. |
| Wang D, JAMA, 2020 [6] | Wuhan | 138 | 36 (26.1%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, and LDH were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients. |
| Xu YH, medRxiv, 2020 [11] | Guangdong | 45 | 45 (100.0%) | 12 cases of liver dysfunction from 20 patients required intubation, 5 cases of liver dysfunction from 25 patients did not require intubation. |
| Yang X, Lancet Respir Med, 2020 [9] | Wuhan | 52 | 52 (100.0%) | 6 cases of liver dysfunction from 20 survivors, and 9 cases of liver dysfunction from 32 nonsurvivors. |
| Yao N, Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi, 2020 [26] | Shaanxi | 40 | 17 (42.5%) | 17 severe patients from 22 ALI cases, and 5 severe patients from 18 cases with normal liver dysfunction. |
| Zhang GQ, medRxiv, 2020 [10] | Wuhan | 221 | 55 (24.9%) | Compared to non-ICU (moderate) patients, AST, ALT, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, and LDH were significantly increased in ICU (severe) patients. |
ALI: acute liver injury; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.