TABLE 2.
Stability of candidate reference genes under different extrinsic conditions.
| Conditions | Candidate genes | geNorm | NormFinder | BestKeeper | Delta Ct | RefFinder recommendation | ||||
| Stability | Ranking | Stability | Ranking | Stability | Ranking | Stability | Ranking | |||
| Temperature | EF1A | 0.259 | 1 | 0.548 | 3 | 0.911 | 4 | 1 | 1 | EF1A α-tubulin Actin3 |
| 28S | 1.054 | 8 | 1.95 | 8 | 2.012 | 8 | 2.18 | 8 | ||
| 18S | 1.396 | 9 | 2.491 | 9 | 2.325 | 9 | 2.593 | 9 | ||
| α-tubulin | 0.259 | 1 | 0.655 | 5 | 0.793 | 2 | 1.042 | 4 | ||
| β-actin | 0.627 | 7 | 1.311 | 7 | 0.173 | 1 | 1.578 | 7 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.381 | 5 | 0.141 | 1 | 1.113 | 6 | 1.014 | 2 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 0.277 | 3 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.815 | 3 | 1.039 | 3 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.431 | 6 | 0.149 | 2 | 1.236 | 7 | 1.055 | 5 | ||
| RPS9 | 0.313 | 4 | 0.659 | 6 | 0.936 | 5 | 1.063 | 6 | ||
| Humidity | EF1A | 0.691 | 4 | 2.259 | 7 | 2.43 | 8 | 2.606 | 5 | GAPDH 18S Actin3 |
| 28S | 2.595 | 9 | 3.101 | 9 | 1.517 | 3 | 3.443 | 9 | ||
| 18S | 1.355 | 5 | 1.026 | 1 | 0.939 | 2 | 2.3 | 4 | ||
| α-tubulin | 2.353 | 8 | 2.536 | 8 | 2.239 | 6 | 3.103 | 8 | ||
| β-actin | 1.769 | 6 | 1.726 | 4 | 0.366 | 1 | 2.623 | 6 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.497 | 3 | 1.538 | 3 | 2.314 | 7 | 2.194 | 2 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 2.061 | 7 | 1.776 | 6 | 1.864 | 4 | 2.668 | 7 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.440 | 1 | 1.448 | 2 | 2.179 | 5 | 2.128 | 1 | ||
| RPS9 | 0.440 | 1 | 1.774 | 5 | 2.493 | 9 | 2.294 | 3 | ||
| Photoperiod | EF1A | 0.601 | 1 | 0.829 | 6 | 1.18 | 7 | 1.109 | 6 | V-ATPase B Actin3 18S |
| 28S | 0.931 | 6 | 0.749 | 4 | 1.086 | 5 | 1.104 | 5 | ||
| 18S | 0.868 | 5 | 0.667 | 3 | 0.956 | 4 | 1.057 | 3 | ||
| α-tubulin | 1.025 | 8 | 0.856 | 8 | 0.672 | 1 | 1.174 | 8 | ||
| β-actin | 1.128 | 9 | 1.312 | 9 | 0.74 | 2 | 1.489 | 9 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.745 | 3 | 0.659 | 2 | 1.117 | 6 | 1.029 | 2 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 0.782 | 4 | 0.419 | 1 | 0.949 | 3 | 0.936 | 1 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.977 | 7 | 0.838 | 7 | 1.204 | 8 | 1.157 | 7 | ||
| RPS9 | 0.601 | 1 | 0.809 | 5 | 1.238 | 9 | 1.096 | 4 | ||
| Host plant | EF1A | 0.785 | 5 | 0.954 | 5 | 4.306 | 9 | 1.594 | 5 | GAPDH V-ATPase B α-tubulin |
| 28S | 0.98 | 6 | 1.296 | 6 | 4.053 | 6 | 1.856 | 6 | ||
| 18S | 1.187 | 7 | 1.51 | 7 | 3.196 | 2 | 2.085 | 7 | ||
| α-tubulin | 0.723 | 4 | 0.270 | 1 | 3.508 | 3 | 1.465 | 4 | ||
| β-actin | 1.927 | 9 | 3.762 | 9 | 0.816 | 1 | 3.89 | 9 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.538 | 1 | 0.706 | 4 | 4.21 | 7 | 1.457 | 3 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 0.598 | 3 | 0.270 | 1 | 3.84 | 5 | 1.352 | 1 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.538 | 1 | 0.372 | 3 | 3.825 | 4 | 1.425 | 2 | ||
| RPS9 | 1.365 | 8 | 1.844 | 8 | 4.279 | 8 | 2.215 | 8 | ||
| Dietary RNAi | EF1A | 0.257 | 6 | 0.354 | 8 | 0.196 | 4 | 0.417 | 8 | GAPDH V-ATPase B RPS9 |
| 28S | 0.294 | 7 | 0.285 | 6 | 0.271 | 7 | 0.383 | 6 | ||
| 18S | 0.318 | 8 | 0.333 | 7 | 0.401 | 9 | 0.406 | 7 | ||
| α-tubulin | 0.199 | 4 | 0.188 | 4 | 0.067 | 1 | 0.308 | 4 | ||
| β-actin | 0.354 | 9 | 0.424 | 9 | 0.345 | 8 | 0.46 | 9 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.217 | 5 | 0.257 | 5 | 0.139 | 3 | 0.346 | 5 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 0.085 | 1 | 0.092 | 2 | 0.234 | 6 | 0.278 | 2 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.085 | 1 | 0.062 | 1 | 0.205 | 5 | 0.270 | 1 | ||
| RPS9 | 0.168 | 3 | 0.153 | 3 | 0.131 | 2 | 0.300 | 3 | ||
| Extrinsic conditions | EF1A | 0.758 | 3 | 1.182 | 5 | 2.166 | 6 | 1.714 | 3 | GAPDH Actin3 EF1A |
| 28S | 1.677 | 8 | 1.915 | 8 | 2.17 | 7 | 2.31 | 8 | ||
| 18S | 1.490 | 7 | 1.448 | 7 | 1.981 | 3 | 1.995 | 7 | ||
| α-tubulin | 1.313 | 6 | 1.161 | 4 | 1.947 | 2 | 1.828 | 6 | ||
| β-actin | 1.897 | 9 | 2.362 | 9 | 0.591 | 1 | 2.664 | 9 | ||
| Actin3 | 0.609 | 1 | 0.811 | 2 | 2.132 | 5 | 1.525 | 2 | ||
| V-ATPase B | 1.134 | 5 | 1.099 | 3 | 2.229 | 8 | 1.762 | 5 | ||
| GAPDH | 0.609 | 1 | 0.703 | 1 | 2.042 | 4 | 1.514 | 1 | ||
| RPS9 | 0.876 | 4 | 1.235 | 6 | 2.256 | 9 | 1.759 | 4 | ||