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. 2020 Apr 21;10:624. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00624

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Copyright © 2020 Zu, Wen, Xu, Li, Mi, Li, Brakebusch, Fisher and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ATF3-overexpressing human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and migration in co-culture assays. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of ATF3 mRNA levels and (B) Western blot analysis of ATF3 protein with GAPDH as loading control, in three HDF strains infected with ATF3-expressing (ATF3-OE) or control neomycin (NEO)-expressing retrovirus. (C,D) The numbers of Mel-JuSo (C) and UACC62 (D) melanoma cells after co-culture for the indicated number of days with the 3 HDF strains overexpressing ATF3 (ATF3-OE) or expressing NEO. (E) Images (left panels) and quantification (graphs) of Mel-JuSo and UACC62 cells that had migrated after co-culture for 24 h with ATF3-OE or control NEO HDFs. Bars represent 100 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.