Table. Improvement in Learner Comfort on Session Objectives.

	All Residents			Interns			Medical Students			All Learners
	% Agree			% Agree			% Agree			% Agree
Session and Question	Pre	Post	p	Pre	Post	p	Pre	Post	p	Pre	Post	p
Medically Provided Fluids and Nutritiona
I feel comfortable describing the benefits and burdens of medically provided nutrition/hydration at the end of life.	24.0	77.9	<.01	11.8	64.7	.02	18.2	45.4	.17	22.2	66.7	<.01
I feel comfortable counseling families on the decision to withdraw or withhold medically provided nutrition/hydration at the end of life.	24.0	48.0	.08	11.8	35.3	.10	9.1	9.1	1.00	19.4	36.1	.11
I understand the ethical considerations involved in the decision to withdraw or withhold medically provided hydration/nutrition.	48.0	88.0	<.01	47.1	82.4	.03	36.4	81.8	.03	44.4	86.1	<.01
I understand the distinction between medical intervention and basic patient care.	44.0	68.0	.09	47.1	64.7	.30	45.5	54.6	.67	44.4	63.9	.10
Futility and Goals of Careb
I am comfortable that I understand how the term futility is used in a clinical context.	17.7	58.8	.01	25.0	75.0	.01	0.0	81.8	<.01	10.0	66.7	<.01
I am comfortable recommending a treatment plan based on a patient or family's goals of care.	23.5	58.8	.04	33.3	75.0	.04	9.1	45.5	.06	20.0	53.3	<.01
Ethical Issues in Neonatologyc
I understand when it is appropriate not to offer or withhold certain medical interventions.	21.4	57.1	.05	11.1	55.6	.05
I understand what information goes into a prognostic assessment in the periviable period.	14.3	85.7	<.01	0.0	77.8	<.01

^aAll residents: N = 25, interns: N = 17, medical students: N = 11, all learners: N = 36.

^bAll residents: N = 17, interns: N = 12, medical students: N = 11, all learners: N = 30.

^cAll residents: N = 14, interns: N = 9, medical students: N = 0.