Table 1.
Characteristics of Women with Positive Substance Use Screening in Pregnancy, by Participation in the Assessment and Counseling Intervention
| Characteristics, N (%) | Total N = 11,843 | Did Not Participate N = 1,980 (17%) | Participated N = 9,863 (83%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age [IQR], Years | 30 [25–34] | 31 [27–34] | 29 [25–33] | <.0001 |
| Age at Screening, Years | <.0001 | |||
| <18 | 151 (1.3) | 17 (0.9) | 134 (1.4) | |
| 18–24 | 2,591 (21.9) | 291 (14.7) | 2,300 (23.3) | |
| 25–34 | 6,825 (57.6) | 1,189 (60.1) | 5,636 (57.1) | |
| ≥35 | 2,276 (19.2) | 483 (24.4) | 1,793 (18.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <.0001 | |||
| White | 5,016 (42.4) | 854 (43.1) | 4,162 (42.2) | |
| Asian | 1,167 (9.9) | 232 (11.7) | 935 (9.5) | |
| African-American | 1,123 (9.5) | 136 (6.9) | 987 (10.0) | |
| Hispanic | 3,170 (26.8) | 494 (25.0) | 2,676 (27.1) | |
| Other/unknown | 1,367 (11.5) | 264 (13.3) | 1,103 (11.2) | |
| Neighborhood Income, $ | <.0001 | |||
| <$48,534 | 2,940 (24.8) | 406 (20.5) | 2,534 (25.7) | |
| $48,534–$67,033 | 2,960 (25.0) | 465 (23.5) | 2,495 (25.3) | |
| $67,034–$89,583 | 2,979 (25.2) | 503 (25.4) | 2,476 (25.1) | |
| >$89,583 | 2,942 (24.8) | 601 (30.4) | 2,341 (23.7) | |
| Unknown | 22 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 17 (0.2) | |
| Marital Status | <.0001 | |||
| Not married | 4,142 (35.0) | 550 (27.8) | 3,592 (36.4) | |
| Married/Common law/Domestic partner | 5,521 (46.6) | 1,110 (56.1) | 4,411 (44.7) | |
| Unknown | 2,180 (18.4) | 320 (16.2) | 1,860 (18.9) | |
| Education | <.0001 | |||
| ≤High school graduate | 2,074 (17.5) | 280 (14.1) | 1,794 (18.2) | |
| >High school graduate | 7,658 (64.7) | 1,388 (70.1) | 6,270 (63.6) | |
| Unknown | 2,111 (17.8) | 312 (15.8) | 1,799 (18.2) | |
| Parity | <.0001 | |||
| 0 | 4,744 (40.0) | 681 (34.4) | 4,063 (41.2) | |
| 1 | 3,216 (27.1) | 596 (30.1) | 2,620 (26.6) | |
| >1 | 2,109 (17.8) | 419 (21.2) | 1,690 (17.1) | |
| Unknown | 1,774 (15.0) | 284 (14.3) | 1,490 (15.1) | |
| Gestational Age at Screening | <.0001 | |||
| 1st trimester | 10,165 (85.8) | 1,551 (78.3) | 8,614 (87.3) | |
| 2nd trimester | 1,273 (10.8) | 264 (13.3) | 1,009 (10.2) | |
| 3rd trimester | 405 (3.4) | 165 (8.3) | 240 (2.4) | |
| Anxiety Disorders | .14 | |||
| No | 10,409 (87.9) | 1,760 (88.9) | 8,649 (87.7) | |
| Yes | 1,434 (12.1) | 220 (11.1) | 1,214 (12.3) | |
| Depressive Disorders | .003 | |||
| No | 10,440 (88.2) | 1,784 (90.1) | 8,656 (87.8) | |
| Yes | 1,403 (11.9) | 196 (9.9) | 1,207 (12.2) | |
| Substance Use Disorders | <.0001 | |||
| No | 10,462 (88.3) | 1,834 (92.6) | 8,628 (87.5) | |
| Yes | 1,381 (11.7) | 146 (7.4) | 1,235 (12.5) | |
| Emergency Room Visit | <.0001 | |||
| No | 7,601 (64.2) | 1,365 (68.9) | 6,236 (63.2) | |
| Yes | 4,242 (35.8) | 615 (31.1) | 3,627 (36.8) | |
| Depression Symptoms | <.0001 | |||
| None | 6,277 (53.0) | 1,037 (52.4) | 5,240 (53.1) | |
| Mild | 2,977 (25.1) | 442 (22.3) | 2,535 (25.7) | |
| Moderate | 975 (8.2) | 146 (7.4) | 829 (8.4) | |
| Moderately severe/severe | 438 (3.7) | 56 (2.8) | 382 (3.9) | |
| Unknown | 1,176 (9.9) | 299 (15.1) | 877 (8.9) | |
| Substance Use | <.0001 | |||
| Alcohol only | 4,532 (38.3) | 895 (45.2) | 3.637 (36.9) | |
| Nicotine only | 602 (5.1) | 85 (4.3) | 517 (5.2) | |
| Cannabis only | 2,403 (20.3) | 244 (12.3) | 2,159 (21.9) | |
| Other drug(s) a only | 2,018 (17.0) | 496 (25.1) | 1,522 (15.4) | |
| ≥2 substances | 2,288 (19.3) | 260 (13.1) | 2,028 (20.6) | |
| Substance Use Screening Method | <.0001 | |||
| Positive self-report, negative toxicology | 7,360 (62.2) | 1,376 (69.5) | 5,984 (60.7) | |
| Positive self-report, unknown toxicology | 1,076 (9.1) | 282 (14.2) | 794 (8.1) | |
| Negative self-report, positive toxicology | 1,844 (15.6) | 204 (10.3) | 1,640 (16.6) | |
| Positive self-report, positive toxicology | 1,563 (13.2) | 118 (6.0) | 1,445 (14.7) | |
Notes.
a
Including anxiety medication, cocaine, heroin, methadone/buprenorphine, methamphetamine, opioids/pain medication, other street drugs, and sleep medication.