FIG. 1.
Biogenesis of exosome. Exosomes get compartmentalized into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with cell membrane and are released to the extracellular space. This prevents the exosome degradation by lysosomes. The exosomes released contain proteins such as integrins CD9, CD63, and CD81. Exosomes also contain DNA fragments, miRNAs, and other noncoding RNAs from the donor cell. HSPs, heat shock proteins; miRNAs, microRNAs; mRNA, messenger RNA. Revised from Colombo et al.19 Color images are available online.