Table 4. PC deficiency manifesting as stroke in adults: summary of reported cases.
M, male; N/A, not available; F, female; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; f/b, followed by; ALOC, altered level of consciousness; DAMA, discharge against medical advice; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; MCA, middle cerebral artery; AT III, antithrombin III; LOC, loss of consciousness; PC, protein C
| Year | Sex | Age (years) | Clinical features | PC function (%) | Coexisting thrombophilia | Family history (PC deficiency) | Management | Outcome |
| 2001 [24] | M | 29 | Left hemiparesis | 35 | None | N/A | Long-term warfarin | N/A |
| 1985 [25] | F | 27 | Epileptic fits, diffuse headaches | 48 | None | Positive | Anticoagulant | Recovered |
| 1985 [25] | F | 38 | Headache, unstable gait | 42 | None | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| 1985 [25] | F | 34 | Unresponsive, restless, vomiting | N/A | None | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| 2013 [26] | F | 18 | Left-sided hemiplegia | 51.7 | Protein S | Negative | LMWH f/b anticoagulants | Recovered |
| 2016 [27] | F | 42 | ALOC, difficulty in breathing | 53 | None | N/A | LMWH f/b anticoagulants | DAMA |
| 2020 [28] | M | 33 | Right-sided weakness | 41.9 | Protein S | Positive | Aspirin, clopidogrel | Recovered |
| 2008 [29] | M | 31 | Right hemiplegia, sensory disturbance, motor aphasia | 46.3 | None | Positive | LMWH f/b long-term anticoagulants with warfarin | Recovered |
| 1995 [30] | M | 30 | Dysarthria, left facial dysesthesia | 45 | None | Positive | Warfarin | Recovered |
| 2015 [31] | M | 33 | Left-sided hemiparesis | 23.1 | None | Negative | LMWH f/b long-term warfarin | Recovered |
| 2003 [32] | F | 26 | Confusion, personality changes | 53 | None | Negative | Warfarin, β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, aspirin | Recovered |
| 1990 [2] | M | 32 | Brachiofacial hemiparesis of the right side, global aphasia | 36 | None | Positive | Heparin, phenprocoumon | Persistant aphaia, epileptic seizures (MCA recanalized) |
| 1992 [33] | F | 31 | ALOC, abnormal behavior | <5 | None | Positive | AT III therapy, LMWH, warfarin f/b ticlopidine | Recovered |
| 2005 [34] | F | 54 | Right-sided hemiparesis, LOC | 48 | None | N/A | Systemic heparinization, barbiturate coma therapy | Transferred for further rehabilitation |
| 1992 [35] | F | 39 | Left hemiparesis, sensory disturbance, dysarthria | 38 | None | Positive | Warfarin | Recovered |
| 2013 [36] | M | 25 | Left-sided weakness, slurred speech | 38 | Protein S | Negative | Heparin f/b long-term warfarin | Recovered |
| 1995 [37] | F | 37 | Confusion, drowsiness | 33 | None | Positive | Warfarin, heparin | Recovered |
| 2004 [38] | F | 26 | Right-sided visual loss | 10 | Protein S | N/A | Warfarin, heparin | Able to read, persistent hemianopia |
| 2018 [39] | F | 35 | Right-sided limb weakness, fatigue | 57.6 | None | N/A | Long-term aspirin | Recurrent thrombosis (heparin preferred) |
| 2013 [40] | M | 41 | Motor aphasia, dysarthria, right hemiparesis | 47 | Protein S | N/A | Heparin f/b warfarin | Recovered |
| 1993 [41] | M | 46 | Right-sided visual disturbance | 54 | None | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| 1993 [41] | M | 61 | Right-sided motor weakness, vertigo, vomiting | 57 | None | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| 2019 [42] | M | 25 | Right-sided weakness, altered sensorium, abnormal movements | 2.4 | None | Positive | LMWH f/b acitrom | Recovered |
| 1998 [3] | M | 22 | Diagnosed cerebral infarct | 47 | Prothrombin gene mutation | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| 2009 [43] | M | 47 | Speech disorder, weakness, and numbness of the right extremities, ALOC | 35 | None | N/A | Anticoagulants | Recovered |