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. 2020 Apr 9;11:654. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00654

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Copyright © 2020 Bai, Zhang, Jin, Zhu, Zhao, Shi, Li, Guo, Guo, McManus, Wang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bi-directional development of E. granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. (A) The structural changes in in vitro cultured PSC in the presence or absence of bile salt as a strobilization stimulus. (B) A scale bar to summarize the percentages of the different development directions, including adult worms (Evagination/Adult), hydatid cyst (Cyst), dead (Dead), and no changes (Non-Evagination). ^#A significant increase in scolex evagination occurred at 1–7 days after stimulation with the dog bile salt (P < 0.001). When the PSC were cultured for 14 days, the calcareous corpuscles were much reduced and suckers and the first proglottid had formed in adult worms. ^∗A significant increase of PSC developing to cysts at 7–14 days compared with SSD (P < 0.001).