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. 2020 Apr 28;15(4):e0232258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232258

Table 4. Exposure assessment in risk assessment studies.

n (N = 8) %
Assessment of environmental pesticide exposure1
 Probabilistic or deterministic models 3 37.5
 GIS-based tool 1 12.5
 Environmental monitoring 2 25.0
 Biological monitoring (urines) 1 12.5
Type of crops studied1
 Fruit crops 4 50.0
 Arable crops 2 25.0
 All crops combined 2 25.0
Number of substances included
 med (min–max) 11.5 (1–132)
Pesticide transfer pathway into the environment considered 2
 Drift only 2 25.0
 Drift, volatilization and deposits 4 50.0
Exposure pathway considered
 Dermal contact 3 37.5
 Inhalation 3 37.5
 Ingestion 2 25.0

1 1 missing datum,

2 2 missing data