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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2019 Nov 20;576(7787):459–464. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1791-1

Figure 1. Darobactin produced by a silent operon of P. khanii is a bactericidal antibiotic.

Figure 1

a, P. khanii was grown in liquid culture, then concentrated culture supernatants tested for inhibition of E. coli MG1655. P. khanii concentrated supernatant produced a zone of inhibition on an E. coli lawn, while unconcentrated supernatant or a colony overlay did not. Paenibacillus polymyxa produces polymyxin and serves as a positive control. b, Darobactin structure. c, The BGC consists of the structural gene darA (colored in blue), darBCD (transporter encoding genes, in grey) and darE (encoding a radical SAM enzyme, in orange). In addition, a relE-like gene (black) ORF can be co-located with the BGC at different positions. d, Time-dependent killing of E. coli MG1655 by darobactin. An exponential culture of E. coli MG1655 was challenged with 16xMIC antibiotics. n=3 biologically independent samples, symbols are mean, error bars are SD. e, SEM analysis of E. coli MG1655 treated with 16xMIC darobactin (Scale bar, 1 μm).