Table 3.

Summary of results on whether secondary patents are a hurdle to market entry of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

Brand name	Active substance	Secondary patents delaying market entry of biosimilars?
Humira®	adalimumab	Eventually no. All litigation cases were settled before expiry of SPC by grant of a non-exclusive licensing agreement.
Avastin®	bevacizumab	Probably no. It remains to be seen whether biosimilars launch in June 2020.
Erbitux®	cetuximab	No. Potential hurdles were not identified.
Enbrel®	etanercept	No. Potential hurdles were not identified.
Remicade®	infliximab	No. But, a licensing agreement might exist.
MabThera®	rituximab	Yes. But, these hurdles were overcome via patent litigation.
Herceptin®	trastuzumab	Yes. But, these hurdles were overcome via patent litigation.