Table 2.
Antinuclear-associated autoantibody specificities in Sudanese and Swedish SLE patients
| Autoantibody | Levels in all Sudanese patients, median/ mean | Levels in all Swedish patients, median/ mean | P-value | Occurrence in all Sudanese patients, 98th cut-off, n (%) | Occurrence in all Swedish patients, 98th cut-off, n (%) | P-value | Occurrence in all Sudanese patients, manufacturer’s cut-off, n (%) | Occurrence in all Swedish patients, manufacturers’ cut-off, n (%) | P-value | Levels in Sudanese controls, median/ mean | Levels in Swedish controls, median/ mean | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-SSA/Ro52 (AU/ml) | 16/52.1 | 17/52.6 | 0.8 | 25 (26.9) | 130 (38.6) | 0.04 | 30 (32.3) | 107 (31.8) | 0.9 | 11/16.9 | 9/10.3 | <0.0001 |
| Anti-SSA/Ro60 (AU/ml) | 2/47.2 | 3/48.8 | 0.2 | 42 (45.2) | 144 (42.7) | 0.7 | 34 (36.6) | 124 (36.8) | 1 | 0/4.1 | 1/2.5 | <0.0001 |
| Anti-SSB/La (AU/ml) | 2/19.0 | 2/22.1 | 0.7 | 22 (23.7) | 73 (21.7) | 0.7 | 15 (16.1) | 66 (19.6) | 0.5 | 1/4.0 | 1/3.8 | 0.4 |
| Anti-Sm (AU/ml) | 1/21.7 | 1/11.3 | 0.0007 | 30 (32.3) | 75 (22.3) | 0.046 | 12 (12.9) | 21 (6.2) | 0.03 | 0/0.4 | 1/0.8 | 0.0001 |
| Anti-Sm/U1RNP (AU/ml) | 1/20.5 | 1/15.8 | 0.2 | 28 (30.1) | 133 (39.5) | 0.09 | 15 (16.1) | 42 (12.5) | 0.4 | 0/0.6 | 0/0.5 | 0.9 |
| Anti-U1RNP (AU/ml) | 6/43.8 | 7/39.6 | 0.9 | 23 (24.7) | 94 (27.9) | 0.5 | 20 (21.5) | 69 (20.5) | 0.8 | 3/5.3 | 2/4.3 | 0.02 |
| Anti-dsDNA (IU/ml) | 14/124.6 | 29/205.9 | 0.0008 | 33 (35.5) | 178 (52.8) | 0.003 | 31 (33.3) | 152 (45.1) | 0.04 | 5/7.8 | 7/9.0 | <0.0001 |
| Anti-ribosomal P (AU/ml) | 1/9.3 | 2/11.6 | 0.0005 | 16 (17.2) | 80 (23.7) | 0.2 | 4 (4.3) | 20 (5.9) | 0.5 | 1/1.2 | 1/1.7 | <0.0001 |
| Anti-histone (AU/ml) | 5/20.5 | 6/20.0 | 0.2 | 10 (10.8) | 80 (23.7) | 0.006 | 10 (10.8) | 37 (11.0) | 1 | 3/4.4 | 2/3.7 | 0.02 |
| Anti-PCNA (AU/ml) | 5/8.4 | 5/9.1 | 0.6 | 11 (11.8) | 23 (6.8) | 0.1 | 1 (1.1) | 11 (3.3) | 0.3 | 4/4.9 | 4/4.9 | 0.7 |
| CIC (μgEq/ml) | 0.25/2.8 | 2.0/13.1 | <0.0001 | 9 (9.7) | 38 (11.2) | 0.7 | 9 (9.7) | 81 (23.9) | 0.003 | 0.2/0.8 | 0.2/3.1 | 0.001 |
| Levels in matched Sudanese patients, median/ mean | Levels in matched Swedish patientsa, median/ mean | P-value | Occurrence in matched Sudanese patientsa, 98th cut-off, n (%) | Occurrence in matched Swedish patientsa, 98th cut-off, n (%) | P-value | Occurrence in matched Sudanese patientsa, manufacturer’s cut-off, n (%) | Occurrence in matched Swedish patientsa, manufacturer’s cut-off, n (%) | P-value | ||||
| Anti-SSA/Ro52 (AU/ml) | 15/49.9 | 18/68.4 | 0.3 | 20 (26.7) | 31 (41.3) | 0.06 | 23 (30.7) | 27 (36.0) | 0.5 | |||
| Anti-SSA/Ro60 (AU/ml) | 1/46.6 | 22/65.0 | 0.02 | 33 (44.0) | 40 (53.3) | 0.2 | 27 (36.0) | 35 (46.7) | 0.2 | |||
| Anti-SSB/La (AU/ml) | 2/19.5 | 4/29.0 | 0.08 | 19 (25.3) | 19 (25.3) | 1 | 13 (17.3) | 19 (25.3) | 0.2 | |||
| Anti-Sm (AU/ml) | 1/24.4 | 2/17.1 | 0.001 | 26 (34.7) | 27 (36.0) | 0.9 | 10 (13.3) | 6 (8.0) | 0.3 | |||
| Anti-Sm/U1RNP (AU/ml) | 1/19.5 | 4/25.3 | 0.02 | 24 (32.0) | 39 (52.0) | 0.01 | 12 (16.0) | 16 (21.3) | 0.4 | |||
| Anti-U1RNP (AU/ml) | 6/40.3 | 9/62.0 | 0.03 | 18 (24.0) | 27 (36.0) | 0.1 | 16 (21.3) | 21 (28.0) | 0.3 | |||
| Anti-dsDNA (IU/ml) | 15/105.1 | 79.0/435.1 | <0.0001 | 28 (37.3) | 51 (68.0) | 0.0002 | 26 (34.7) | 41 (54.7) | 0.01 | |||
| Anti-ribosomal P (AU/ml) | 1/10.7 | 3/15.9 | <0.0001 | 14 (18.7) | 23 (30.7) | 0.09 | 4 (5.3) | 7 (9.3) | 0.3 | |||
| Anti-histone (AU/ml) | 5/15.2 | 10/35.9 | 0.001 | 6 (8.0) | 32 (42.7) | <0.0001 | 6 (8.0) | 14 (18.7) | 0.05 | |||
| Anti-PCNA (AU/ml) | 5/8.6 | 8/11.9 | 0.008 | 10 (13.3) | 9 (12.0) | 0.8 | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.6 | |||
| CIC (µgEq/ml) | 0.5/2.6 | 12.2/24.1 | <0.0001 | 6 (8.0) | 16 (21.3) | 0.02 | 6 (8.0) | 38 (50.7) | <0.0001 |
The upper part shows a comparison between the full Sudanese (n = 93) and Swedish (n = 337) cohorts, whereas the lower part is the matched Sudanese (n = 75) and Swedish (n = 75) groups. The left columns show comparisons between levels, the middle columns show occurrence based on cut-off determined as the 98th percentile and common cut-offs recommended by the manufacturers. Comparisons between serum levels of Sudanese and Swedish controls are shown to the right. Control subjects with laboratory measurements are n = 106 for Sudanese and n = 318 for Swedes. Significant differences are shown in bold.
13 of 88 matched Sudanese patients did not deliver serum samples and their corresponding Swedish pairs were excluded in the matched study for the laboratory comparisons.