Table 3.
Etiology, complications, and discharge outcome of young adults with non-traumatic ICH
| Variable | No (%) |
|---|---|
| Etiology | |
| 1. Structural | 18 (28.6) |
| a. AV malformation / AV fistula (3 lobar, 3 cerebellum, 2 deep, 2 IVH, 1 brainstem) | 11 (17.5) |
| b. Cavernoma (2 brainstem, 1 deep, 1 cerebellum) | 5 (7.9) |
| c. Moyo moya (2 IVH) | 2 (3.2) |
| 2. Medication - anticoagulants (2 lovenox, 1 apixaban; 2 cerebellum, 1 deep) | 3 (4.8) |
| 3. Systemic Disease | 8 (12.7) |
| a. Cancer (3 deep, 1 cerebellum) | 4 (6.3) |
| b. Endocarditis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, idiopathic thombocytopenic purpura, reversibel cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (1 each, all lobar) | 4 (6.3) |
| c. Sympathomimetic drug abuse (3 - cocaine, 1 -amphetamine)* | 4 (6.3) |
| 4. Hypertensive Angiopathy (20 deep, 2 cerebellum, 1 lobar) | 23 (36.5) |
| 5. Undetermined (5 lobar, 2 deep, 2 brainstem, 2 cerebellum) | 11 (17.5) |
| Complications of ICH | |
| 1. Required intubation | 27 (42.9) |
| 2. Ventricular drainage | |
| a. External ventricular drain | 20 (31.8) |
| b. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | 7 (11.1) |
| 3. Decompression surgery | 10 (15.9) |
| Discharge disposition | |
| 1. Good outcome | 42 (66.7) |
| 2. Bad outcome | 21 (33.3) |
*
numbers included under hypertension (n=3) and cavernoma (n=1). Etiology reported using SMASH-U classification.10