Table 2.

Univariate risk estimates for sociodemographic differences in pediatric AKI episodes

	% of all hospitalizations	% of all AKI episodes	Risks	Risk differences	95% CI	P value
	n = 2,392,031	n = 29,391
Race/ethnicitya
Caucasian	46.3	47.6	12.6	Reference
African-American	18.0	19.6	13.4	0.7	−0.1, 1.5
Hispanic	20.4	16.6	10.0	−2.7	−3.6, −1.7	<0.0001
Asian/Pacific Islander	2.1	2.6	14.9	2.2	0.4, 4.1	<0.01
Native American	0.9	0.8	10.9	−1.8	−4.6, 1.1
Other	4.7	4.5	11.6	−1.0	−2.4, 0.3
Insurance statusb
Medicaid	51.2	40.4	9.7	Reference
No insurance	4.3	8.1	23.1	13.4	11.7, 15.1	< 0.0001
Private insurance	39.2	43.6	13.7	4.0	3.4, 4.6	< 0.0001
Other	5.1	7.8	18.6	8.9	6.9, 11.0	< 0.0001
Genderc
Female	59.1	43	8.9	Reference
Male	40.9	57	17.1	8.2	7.6, 8.8	< .0001
Aged
1–5 years	22.9	12.3	6.6	Reference
6–10 years	12.7	10.7	10.3	3.7	3.1, 4.4	< 0.0001
11–15 years	17.0	16	11.6	5.0	4.2, 5.8	< 0.0001
16–20 years	47.0	59.9	15.6	9.0	8.4, 9.7	< 0.0001
Household urbanizatione
Central metropolitan counties with ≥ 1 million population	31.2	30.2	11.9	Reference
Fringe metropolitan counties with > 1 million population	22.2	23.1	12.9	0.9	0, 1.9	0.05
Metropolitan counties with 250,000–999,999 population	20.5	21.3	12.8	0.9	−0.3, 2.0
Metropolitan counties with 50,000–249,999 population	9.5	9.4	12.3	0.4	−0.9, 1.6
Micropolitan counties	10.3	9.7	11.6	−0.3	−1.4, 0.7
Rural (neither metro- or micropolitan) counties	6.4	5.7	10.9	−1.0	−2.2, 0.1

All risks and risk differences are per 1000 hospitalizations

AKI acute kidney injury, RD risk difference, CI confidence interval

^aA total of 128,742 patients missing data on race/ethnicity (unweighted)

^bA total of 4,274 patients missing data on health insurance status (unweighted)

^cA total of 138 patients missing data on gender (unweighted)

^dA total of 6,304 patients missing data on age (unweighted)

^eA total of 6,561 patients missing data on household urbanization (unweighted)