Figure 1.

Hygienic responses to pupae treated with 1 μL of 1% Z10-C₃₃ in hexane, or 1 μL hexane, or left as untreated controls, in three colonies from different breeding backgrounds. Letters indicate significant differences in cell status between treatments for each colony. Compared to either control (hexane or untreated), significantly more cells treated with Z10-C₃₃ were uncapped and the pupae removed, at both 4 and 24 h post treatment, in all three colonies tested. Hexane treatment also elicited significantly greater hygienic responses than untreated controls at both time points and in all three colonies.