Table 6.
Comparison (pre-)diabetic and diabetic bipolar patients.
| Parameter | Bipolar patients with T2D/pre-diabetes (SD), n = 34 | Bipolar patients w/o diabetes/pre-diabetes (SD), n = 51 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ages (years) | 48.82 (±11.99) | 41.98 (±12.41) | 0.013 |
| Sex f:m | 13:21 | 24:27 | 0.422 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 31.08 (±6.27) | 27.87 (±4.75) | 0.014 |
| Waist circumference | 104.85 (±15.33) | 97.86 (±15.96) | 0.046 |
| Wait–hip-ratio | 0.92 (±0.09) | 0.907 (±0.10) | 0.45 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 13 (38%) | 10 (20%) | 0.058 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 11(32%) | 13 (25%) | 0.491 |
| Married | 21(62%) | 30 (59%) | 0.786 |
| Divorced | 2 (6%) | 8 (16%) | 0.169 |
| Current work status | |||
| Employed/freelancer | 11 (32%) | 24 (47%) | 0.14 |
| Pensioned | 17 (50%) | 14 (27%) | |
| Unemployed | 3 (9%) | 6 (12%) | |
| Other | 3 (9%) | 7 (14%) | |
| Age of onset | 28.91 (±10.49) | 27.67 (±11.40) | 0.61 |
| Disease duration | 20.0 (±11.14) | 14.33 (±9.89) | 0.019 |
| Number of depressive episodes | 10.91 (±9.10) | 6.10 (±6.11) | 0.01 |
| Number of manic episodes | 3.18 (±4.32) | 3.31 (±4.90) | 0.83 |
| Number of hypomanic episodes | 3.18 (±4.95) | 2.22 (±5.20) | 0.40 |
| Number of mixed episodes | 0.65 (±0.88) | 0.67(±1.66) | 0.95 |
| Total number of episodes | 17.91 (±14.33) | 12.24 (±12.26) | 0.054 |
| Episodes per disorder year | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.485 |
| Rapid Cycling | 12 (35%) | 11 (22%) | 0.163 |
| Sucidal attempts | 9 (26%) | 16 (31%) | 0.627 |
| Number of hospitalizations | 4.03 (±3.49) | 4.18 (±5.06) | 0.883 |
| FINDRISK-Score | 10.91 (±4.98) | 7.69 (±4.02) | 0.003 |
| WHO-5 Score | 13.53 (±5.97) | 14.65 (±5.00) | 0.353 |
| SF-12 Score | 30.09 (±3.97) | 31.33 (±2.21) | 0.067 |
N, number; SD, standard deviation; differences between diabetic and nondiabetic bipolar patients were calculated by t-test or χ2 test, respectively. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant p-values are marked in bold.