Table 3.
Logistic regression estimates regarding association between child stunting (and underweight) (12–23 months) and selected covariates, India, NFHS 2015–16.
| Stunting | Underweight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Sector | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Institutional delivery—yes (ref-no) | 0.91** | [0.84;0.98] | 0.90*** | [0.83; 0.97] |
| 4+ ANC visits—yes (ref-no) | 0.88*** | [0.83; 0.93] | 0.83*** | [0.79; 0.88] |
| Full immunization—yes (ref-no) | 0.97 | [0.92; 1.02] | 1.01 | [0.95; 1.07] |
| Vitamin-A supplement—yes (ref-no) | 0.96 | [0.91; 1.02] | 1.06 | [1.00; 1.13] |
| Breastfed within 1 h—yes (ref-no) | 0.96** | [0.91; 1.01] | 0.92*** | [0.87; 0.98] |
| 100+ IFA—yes (ref-no) | 1.01 | [0.95; 1.06] | 0.94 | [0.89; 1.00] |
| Deworming dose—yes (ref-no) | 1.02 | [0.97; 1.08] | 1.03 | [0.97; 1.10] |
| Diarrhea—yes (ref-no) | 1.02 | [0.94; 1.10] | 1.16 | [1.07; 1.26] |
| Cough—yes (ref-no) | 0.95 | [0.88; 1.02] | 0.94 | [0.86; 1.01] |
| Birth Order >3—yes (ref-no) | 1.20*** | [1.13; 1.28] | 1.18*** | [1.11; 1.26] |
| Maternal anemia (any)—yes (ref-no) | 1.05 | [0.99; 1.10] | 1.14*** | [1.07; 1.20] |
| Women and Child Development Sector | ||||
| Full dietary diversity—yes (ref-no) | 0.93*** | [0.87; 0.99] | 0.79*** | [0.74; 0.86] |
| Low birth weight—yes (ref-no) | 1.54*** | [1.44; 1.66] | 2.00*** | [1.86; 2.16] |
| ICDS benefits—mother—Yes (ref-no) | 1.06 | [0.99; 1.13] | 1.14 | [1.06; 1.23] |
| ICDS benefits—child—Yes (ref-no) | 1.01 | [0.93; 1.08] | 1.06 | [0.98; 1.14] |
| Child marriage—yes (ref-no) | 1.10*** | [1.04; 1.16] | 1.10*** | [1.04; 1.17] |
| Low BMI—yes (ref-no) | 1.31*** | [1.24; 1.39] | 1.88*** | [1.77; 1.99] |
| Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector | ||||
| Improved sanitary facility—yes (ref-no) | 0.86*** | [0.81; 0.92] | 0.72*** | [0.67; 0.77] |
| Safe stool disposal—yes (ref-no) | 0.87*** | [0.82; 0.92] | 0.86*** | [0.80; 0.92] |
| Education Sector | ||||
| Maternal matriculation—yes (ref-no) | 0.73*** | [0.68; 0.77] | 0.70*** | [0.65; 0.74] |
| Energy Sector | ||||
| Clean cooking fuel—yes (ref-no) | 0.86*** | [0.81; 0.93] | 0.91*** | [0.84; 0.98] |
| Growth Sector/Long term factors | ||||
| Poorer (ref-richer) | 1.17*** | [1.09; 1.25] | 1.21*** | [1.12; 1.31] |
| Maternal height >145 cm—no (ref-yes) | 2.00*** | [1.84; 2.17] | 1.92*** | [1.76; 2.08] |
Ref refers to reference category. ORs are estimates from fully adjusted model for demographic and socioeconomic covariates. Estimates are *significant at 0.10, **at 0.05 level, and ***at 0.01 level.