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. 2020 Apr 28;10:7173. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64041-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A–H) Light micrographs showing portions of the capsules adjacent to the opening of the tubes implanted in the subcutaneous for 7 (A–D) and 60 (E–H) days. The sections were subjected to the TUNEL method and counterstained with haematoxylin. Round/ovoid TUNEL-positive structures (arrows) are observed among inflammatory cells (IC) and fibroblasts (Fb). An accentuated number of TUNEL-positive structures (arrows) is observed in the capsules of EF (C,G). T, space of the tube implanted; BV, blood vessel. Bars: 20 µm. (I) Graphic showing the number of TUNEL-positive structures per mm² (expressed as mean ± standard deviation) in the capsules of GFB, MTAF, EF and CG groups at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. The comparison among groups in the same period is indicated by superscript letters; same letters = no statistically significant difference. The analysis of each group over time is indicated by superscript number; same numbers = no statistically significant difference. N = 5 specimens per group at each time point. Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05).