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. 2020 Apr 28;10:7120. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63785-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic of the suture-GelMA hydrogel delivery platform (A) consisting of two buffer chambers with hydrogel chamber sitting in the middle, and a suture/thread wetted with preferred buffer to connect both liquid and hydrogel. Fluorophore (fluorescein) was loaded at 5 mm before the hydrogel chamber. Electric field was applied between inlet and outlet chambers. (B) A simple circuit diagram representing the contribution of each electrical component of the platform when electric field is applied. (C) Sequence of images depicting the parts and delivery process of fluorescein (a model compound) in GelMA at (i) 0.00, (ii) 2.30, (iii) 4.30 and (iv) 7.40 min. Images were picked from the top of the platform at 510 nm emission filter. Conditions: 5% GelMA and 45 s cross-linking (stiffness of 4.3 kPa), sample loading: 2 μL fluorescein drop at 1.0 μg/mL, current of 100 μA. 5 mM Tris/HEPES buffer was used for both inlet/outlet chambers and GelMA. Scale bar is 2 mm. Data presented here are based on 6 replicates.