Table 5.

TCM for treating AD by reducing oxidative stress.

Numbers	Compounds	Chemistry structure	Dosages	Activities	Molecular mechanism	Models	References
1	Schisanhenol		10–100 mg/kg	Improve learning memory and attenuate oxidative damage	Reduce acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuate oxidative damage through SIRT1-PGC-1α-Tau signaling pathway	Scopolamine-treated Kunming mice	Han et al., 2019
2	Amentoflavone		80 mg/kg	Ameliorate memory deficits and oxidative stress	Ameliorate memory deficits and oxidative stress by inducing Nrf2 antioxidant pathways via AMPK signaling activation	PC12 cells and rat	Chen et al., 2018a
3	Coptis chinensis Franch. watery extract	—	100 mg/mL	Neuroprotective and against oxidative stress	Have neuroprotective and against oxidative stress and down regulation of TXNIP	SHSY5Y cells	Thomas Friedemann et al., 2014
4	Oxymatrine		30–120 mg/kg	Increase cell viability and SOD activity	Improve the cognitive ability of rats and has a protective effect on Aβ1-42-induced primary neuronal cell by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways	Sprague-Dawley rats	Qian et al., 2018; Dong et al., 2019
5	Shikonin		3.47, 10.42, 34.72 µM	Improve cell viability, decrease the MDA and ROS content, and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential	Reduce the activity of caspase-3 and moderate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax through antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities	PC12 cells	Tong et al., 2018
6	Linalool		100 mg/kg per day, i.p.	Improve the cognitive performance and reverse the Aβ1-40 induced hippocampal cell injury, apoptosis and changes of oxidative stress indicators	Alleviate apoptosis, oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling	C57BL/6J mice	Kuroda et al., 2005; Batista et al., 2010; Gastón et al., 2016; Xu P. et al., 2017
7	Schisandrin C		150 μg/kg, 10 mL/kg, injection	Improve the cognitive function and working memory	Inhibit ChEtotal, increased SOD and GSH-px, GSH	Male Kunming mice	Mao et al., 2015
8	Acteoside		30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/day, for 30 days	Attenuate cognitive impairment and increase the numbers of neurons and Nissl bodies	Decrease the content of NO, the activity of NOS and the expression of caspase-3 protein due to oxidative stress	Kunming mice	Peng et al., 2015
9	Vanillic acid		50 and 100 mg/kg	Improve spatial learning and memory	Improve the habituation memory, decrease the AChE, corticosterone, TNF-α by preventing oxidative stress	Swiss albino male mice	Singh et al., 2015
10	Protosappanin A		10 mg/kg, 5–50 μM	Inhibit ROS and NO production by suppression of NADPH oxidase and iNOS activity	Modulate IKK/IκB/NF-κB inflammation signal pathway to inhibit the activity and expressions of NADPH oxidase and iNOS	BV-2 cells or ICR mice	ZeNg et al., 2012
11	Salidroside		10, 50, 100 mM	Protect neurons from oxidative stress via the induction of antioxidant enzymes, Trx, HO-1, and PrxI	Inhibit Aβ25–35-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase and oxidative stress.	SH-SY5Y cells	Zhang et al., 2010