TABLE 4.

Running variability examined through continuous relative phase (CRP) and coupling angle (CAV) for the interaction between the knee and hip sagittal and frontal plane motions (means ± SD) at start and end of high intensity interval training run (HIIT) and medium intensity continuous run (MICR).

			Mean ± SD			Repeated measure ANOVA results (P-value)
Application	Couplings	Run-type	Start	End	ES	Time	Run-type	Time × Type
CRPV (deg)
	Hipflex/ext – Kneeflex/ext	HIIT	15.213.3	78.89.8	d = 5.44	<0.001	0.004	<0.001
		MICR	21.76.7	36.48.3	d = 1.94
	Hipflex/ext – Kneeabd/add	HIIT	5.63.7	45.214.9	d = 3.64	<0.001	0.232	0.004
		MICR	26.525.4	35.927.2	d = 0.35
	Hipabd/add – Kneeflex/ext	HIIT	13.49.4	77.49.3	d = 6.84	<0.001	0.023	<0.001
		MICR	22.126.0	41.934.4	d = 0.64
	Hipabd/add – Kneeabd/add	HIIT	5.43.4	46.414.9	d = 3.79	<0.001	0.649	0.021
		MICR	12.511.3	41.312.1	d = 2.46
CAV (deg)
	Hipflex/ext – Kneeflex/ext	HIIT	66.55.1	79.21.7	d = 3.34	<0.001	<0.001	0.258
		MICR	62.66.4	73.01.8	d = 2.21
	Hipflex/ext – Kneeabd/add	HIIT	67.95.0	73.91.4	d = 1.63	<0.001	0.001	0.006
		MICR	62.25.6	73.70.7	d = 2.88
	Hipabd/add – Kneeflex/ext	HIIT	73.90.9	74.10.5	d = 0.27	0.077	0.147	0.279
		MICR	73.41.4	75.53.7	d = 0.75
	Hipabd/add – Kneeabd/add	HIIT	71.23.3	74.20.7	d = 1.25	<0.001	0.184	0.162
		MICR	69.63.9	70.416.5	d = 0.06

Sagittal plane (X) kinematics represent motion of flexion and extension as positive value indicate flexion and negative values indicate extension. Frontal plane kinematics (Y) represent abduction and adduction angles as positive values indicate adduction and negative value indicate abduction.