FIG 3.

Metabolites and enzymes of the upstream central carbon metabolism of P. putida KT2440, including the proposed glycerol degradation pathway initiated by PQQ-ADH PedE or PedH or both. Enzymes involved in the specific metabolic steps that were differentially abundant in response to 10 μM La³⁺ during growth on glycerol are color coded (green = increased, red = decreased, black = not affected). The figure is inspired by a scheme originally published by Nikel et al. (46) and was redrawn to include the novel metabolic route(s) identified in this study.