Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
TNFα enhances luminal breast cancer cell proliferation by aromatase upregulation. TNFα is produced by adipose cells, TAM or tumor cells itself, and induces the expression of aromatase. This enzyme increases estradiol synthesis which binds to ER that, in turn, promotes luminal cancer cell proliferation. IL-10 and docetaxel and paclitaxel inhibit aromatase synthesis by reducing TNFα signaling. sTNFα, soluble TNFα; TAM, tumor-associated macrophages; E2, estradiol; ER, estrogen receptor.
