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. 2020 Apr 28;10:7187. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64236-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The prolonged HFS induces LTD_GABA in the insular cortex. (a) Biocytin-filled layer V pyramidal neuron; schematic illustration of the position of the recording and stimulation electrodes. D, Dorsal; L, lateral. (b) eIPSCs were almost completely abolised by 10 μM bicuculline. The inset shows averages of ten consecutive current traces before (Control) and 10–15 min after application of bicuculline. Scale bar represents 50 pA and 50 ms. (c) An example of LTD_GABA induced by the prolonged HFS. The prolonged HFS is indicated by an arrow. (d) Data from 13 neurons are summarized. The insets show averages of ten consecutive current traces before (pre) and 25–30 min after the prolonged HFS (post). The prolonged HFS is indicated by an arrow. Scale bar represents 50 pA and 50 ms. (e) Summary scatter plots of PPF (n = 15). *p < 0.05. The insets show averages of ten consecutive current traces before (pre) and 25–30 min after the prolonged HFS (post). Scale bar represents 50 pA and 50 ms. (f) Top: Representative traces of sIPSCs obtained before and after the prolonged HFS. Left: Cumulative inter-event interval distribution of sEPSCs obtained before and after the prolonged HFS. Right: Cumulative amplitude distribution of sEPSCs obtained before and after the prolonged HFS. Scale bar represents 50 pA and 200 ms. (g) Summary scatter plots of frequency of sIPSCs obtained before and after the prolonged HFS (n = 11). *p < 0.05. (h) Summary scatter plots of amplitude of sIPSCs obtained before and after the prolonged HFS (n = 11).