Table 1. Characteristics of older adults with atrial fibrillation by self-reported hearing status.
| Characteristic | Hearing loss |
P-value | |
| Yes (n = 451) | No (n = 793) | ||
| Age, yrs | 77.9 ± 7.5 | 74.2 ± 6.5 | < 0.01 |
| 65–74 | 169 (37.5%) | 457 (57.6%) | < 0.01 |
| 75–84 | 183 (40.6%) | 271 (34.2%) | |
| 85 or older | 99 (22.0%) | 65 (8.2%) | |
| Female | 200 (44.4%) | 407 (51.3%) | 0.02 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 398 (88.3%) | 658 (83.0%) | 0.01 |
| Education | |||
| < = High school graduate | 32 (7.3%) | 68 (8.7%) | 0.81 |
| Some college | 218 (50.0%) | 375 (48.0%) | |
| College graduate or above | 189 (43.1%) | 338 (43.2%) | |
| Income, $ | |||
| Less than 10,000 | 18 (4.9%) | 34 (5.1%) | 0.21 |
| 10,000–49,999 | 181 (48.9%) | 291 (43.5%) | |
| 50,000–99,999 | 102 (28.4%) | 227 (33.9%) | |
| More than 100,000 | 66 (17.9%) | 117 (17.5%) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Commercial/HMO/PPO | 74 (15.9%) | 151 (18.9%) | 0.23 |
| Medicare | 334 (74.1%) | 564 (71.1%) | |
| Frailty | |||
| Not frail | 135 (29.9%) | 278 (35.1%) | 0.17 |
| Frail | 63 (14.0%) | 109 (13.8%) | |
| Pre-frail | 253 (56.1%) | 406 (51.2%) | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 4.3 ± 1.6 | < 0.01 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 212 (47.0%) | 382 (48.2%) | 0.69 |
| Former | 224 (49.7%) | 391 (49.3%) | |
| Current | 15 (3.3%) | 20 (2.5%) | |
| Alcohol abuse/dependency | 133 (29.5%) | 251 (31.7%) | 0.43 |
| Medical history | |||
| Heart failure | 177 (39.3%) | 286 (36.1%) | 0.26 |
| Carotid disease | 57 (12.6%) | 76 (9.6%) | 0.09 |
| Coronary artery disease | 91 (20.2%) | 151 (19.0%) | 0.62 |
| Chronic renal disease | 129 (28.6%) | 227 (28.6%) | 0.99 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 77 (17.1%) | 102 (12.9%) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 410 (90.9%) | 712 (89.8%) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 117 (25.9%) | 229 (28.9%) | 0.27 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 364 (80.7%) | 632 (79.7%) | 0.67 |
| Stroke | 57 (12.6%) | 65 (8.2%) | 0.01 |
| Implantable cardiac device | 171 (37.9%) | 250 (31.5%) | 0.02 |
| Medication | |||
| Aspirin | 161 (35.7%) | 281 (35.4%) | 0.93 |
| Anticoagulant | 386 (85.6%) | 679 (85.6%) | 0.11 |
| DOAC | 157 (40.7%) | 310 (45.6%) | |
| Warfarin | 229 (59.3%) | 369 (54.3%) | |
| Depression | 158 (35.0%) | 195 (24.6%) | < 0.01 |
| Anxiety | 119 (26.4%) | 174 (21.9%) | 0.08 |
Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant; HMO: health maintenance organization; PPO: preferred provider organization.