Table 3.
Associations between covariates and the presence of mental health issues (measured as probable depression and anxiety) in binary regression models among participants (n = 529)
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Probable depression | Probable anxiety | |
| Socio-demographics | ||
| Age group (years) | ||
| 50–59 (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| 60–69 | 0.54 (0.34, 0.86)* | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01)* |
| ≥ 70 | 0.32 (0.17, 0.62)* | 0.54 (0.31, 0.94)* |
| Sex | ||
| Male (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 2.81 (1.81, 4.35)* | 2.46 (1.64, 3.71)* |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Han (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Minority | 1.75 (0.14, 21.40) | 1.23 (0.10,14.52) |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 0.76 (0.45, 1.30) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.39) |
| Education level | ||
| Illiterate (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Primary school | 0.58 (0.32, 1.05)* | 0.82 (0.48, 1.42) |
| Junior high school | 0.67 (0.35, 1.27) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.45) |
| Senior high school or above | 0.30 (0.11, 0.80)* | 0.26 (0.10, 0.65)* |
| Marital status | ||
| Unmarried (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Married and living with spouse | 0.88 (0.32, 2.42) | 1.67 (0.63, 4.48) |
| Married but not living with spouse | 1.34 (0.45, 4.04) | 2.30 (0.79, 6.68) |
| Divorced/widowed | 1.48 (0.53, 4.12) | 2.38 (0.88, 6.45)* |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Retired | 0.52 (0.23, 1.17) | 0.50 (0.25, 1.01)* |
| Unemployed | 1.41 (0.86, 2.31) | 1.27 (0.81, 1.98) |
| Time of out-migrating for work (years) | ||
| None (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| ≤ 10 years | 0.81 (0.47, 1.41) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) |
| > 10 years | 0.89 (0.53, 1.47) | 0.86 (0.54, 1.36) |
| Monthly personal income (RMB) | ||
| None (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| < 1000 | 0.42 (0.20, 0.87)* | 0.63 (0.31, 1.29) |
| 1000–1999 | 0.32 (0.14, 0.70)* | 0.58 (0.27, 1.22) |
| ≥ 2000 | 0.21 (0.09, 0.48)* | 0.36 (0.17, 0.79)* |
| Having an HIV-infected spouse | ||
| Yes (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 0.78 (0.51, 1.19) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.3) |
| Do not have spouse | 0.76 (0.28, 2.10) | 0.47 (0.17, 1.27) |
| Number of children | ||
| 0 (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1.08 (0.48, 2.43) | 1.21 (0.57, 2.60) |
| 2 | 0.82 (0.36, 1.89) | 1.25 (0.58, 2.73) |
| 3 | 0.62 (0.23, 1.65) | 0.88 (0.36, 2.15) |
| Disease-related characteristics | ||
| Route of HIV transmission | ||
| Sexual behavior with spouse (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Sexual behavior with a non-spouse opposite-sex partner | 0.45 (0.28, 0.71)* | 0.51 (0.33, 0.78)* |
| Sexual behavior with a same-sex partner | 0.26 (0.08, 0.82)* | 0.44 (0.17, 1.11)* |
| Blood transfusion | 0.20 (0.05, 0.73)* | 0.25 (0.08, 0.72)* |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | ||
| < 1 (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| 1–3 | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) | 0.90 (0.57, 1.43) |
| > 3 | 0.53 (0.30, 0.92)* | 0.57 (0.34, 0.93)* |
| Duration of antiretroviral therapy (years) | ||
| ≤ 2 (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| > 2 | 0.76 (0.48, 1.19) | 0.67 (0.45, 1.01)* |
| Stage of HIV infection | ||
| HIV (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| AIDS | 1.04 (0.69, 1.59) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.28) |
| Missing | 2.50 (0.20, 30.65) | 1.28 (0.11, 15.25) |
| CD4 count in the most recent episode of testing (cls/μl) | ||
| < 200 | 1 | 1 |
| 200–350 | 1.04 (0.60, 1.78) | 1.01 (0.61, 1.65) |
| 351–500 | 0.78 (0.43, 1.42) | 0.95 (0.56, 1.63) |
| > 500 | 1.31 (0.70, 2.47) | 1.42 (0.79, 2.54) |
| Missing | 2.43 (0.40, 14.92) | 2.92 (0.53, 16.08) |
Boldfaced numbers indicate (*p < 0.1)