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. 2020 Apr 29;21:104. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-01998-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Large-scale chromatin architecture analysis of hexaploid wheat. a Schematic representation of the relationships between wheat genomes, showing the polyploidization history of hexaploid wheat. b Hi-C contact matrix of the hexaploid wheat genome. c Box plots representing the distribution of the median interaction frequency between 10-Mb bins for each combination of subgenomes (upper panel) and between homoeologous and non-homoeologous chromosomes of different subgenomes (bottom panel). d Root meristematic cells of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring labeled by GISH. The A genome is labeled in magenta, the D genome is labeled in green, and the B genome is not labeled and thus appears in gray; telomeres are labeled in red. (Left panel) metaphase cells showing 14 A chromosomes, 14 B chromosomes, and 14 D chromosomes. (Middle panel) interphase cells. (Right panel) zoom-in of the interphase nucleus indicated by the white box in the middle panel. Scale bar represents 10 μm. e Immunofluorescence detection of H3K27me3 (green) and H3K27me1 (purple) in the isolated nucleus. f Integration of H3K27me3 and Hi-C at the chromosomal level. The heatmap of intrachromosomal interaction frequency of chromosome 4 B (in red, upper panel) is presented together with the read density of H3K27me3 ChIP-seq (in green, lower panel). The genomic coordinates are indicated on the left side of the heatmap for Hi-C and under the read density plot for H3K27me3. The color bar on the right side of the heatmap shows the interaction frequency scale. g Alternative models of large-scale chromatin architecture in the nucleus of wheat