Skip to main content
. 2020 Apr 29;18:115. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01368-2

Table 2.

Goodness of fit results from full estimation sample (N = 141)

Model Specification Mean utility (SD) Minimum Maximum P.25 Median P.75 RMSE MAE Abs diff < 0.03 Abs diff < 0.05 ICC
Observed 0.6619 −0.2630 1.0000 0.5530 0.7080 0.8770
Model 1
 OLS 0.6619 0.2421 0.8575 0.5396 0.6952 0.7966 0.2219 0.1782 9.9 16.2 0.670
 GLM 0.6619 0.2421 0.8575 0.5396 0.6952 0.7966 0.2219 0.1782 9.9 16.2 0.670
 CLAD 0.6849 0.2920 0.8679 0.5705 0.7160 0.8109 0.2234 0.1740 11.3 18.3 0.654
 MFP 0.7164 0.2679 0.9254 0.5858 0.7520 0.8604 0.2288 0.1713 12.7 18.3 0.684
 MM 0.7365 0.3104 0.9350 0.6124 0.7703 0.8732 0.2342 0.1724 12.7 19.7 0.673
 BETA 0.7267 0.1593 0.9253 0.5885 0.8044 0.8912 0.2386 0.1778 10.6 16.2 0.705
Model 2
 OLS 0.6619 0.2308 0.8631 0.5519 0.6818 0.8028 0.2185 0.1750 9.2 15.5 0.690
 GLM 0.6619 0.2308 0.8631 0.5519 0.6818 0.8028 0.2185 0.1750 9.2 15.5 0.690
 CLAD 0.7066 0.2762 0.9072 0.5964 0.7272 0.8473 0.2230 0.1689 10.6 19.0 0.689
 MFP 0.7224 0.2920 0.9263 0.6132 0.7414 0.8653 0.2268 0.1684 11.3 16.9 0.688
 MM 0.7373 0.2897 0.9429 0.6125 0.7586 0.8871 0.2313 0.1695 9.2 16.2 0.697
 BETA 0.7256 0.1505 0.9335 0.6154 0.7887 0.9019 0.2349 0.1761 4.2 12.0 0.717
Model 3
 OLS 0.6619 0.2360 0.8222 0.5697 0.6984 0.8222 0.2151 0.1721 11.3 16.9 0.707
 GLM 0.6619 0.2360 0.8222 0.5697 0.6984 0.8222 0.2151 0.1721 11.3 16.9 0.707
 CLAD 0.6967 0.2920 0.8370 0.6126 0.7322 0.8370 0.2217 0.1703 13.4 22.5 0.667
 MFP 0.7086 0.2883 0.8655 0.6177 0.7473 0.8655 0.2204 0.1676 13.4 20.4 0.700
 MM 0.7260 0.2719 0.8953 0.6278 0.7795 0.8953 0.2248 0.1695 9.9 16.9 0.718
 BETA 0.7345 0.1775 0.9032 0.6098 0.8027 0.9032 0.2321 0.1745 10.6 16.9 0.731
Indirect mapping
 OLOGIT 0.6443 0.4790 0.7680 0.5410 0.5920 0.7680 0.2363 0.1927 10.6 15.5 0.512

Dependant variable: EQ-5D-5 L utility score; Independent variables: Model 1 - MLHF total score; Model 2 – MLHF domain scores; Model 3 – MLHF item scores (Item 04, 17 and 21).

Abs diff. < 0.03 (0.05)% - proportion of predicted utilities whose absolute values deviate from the mean of the observed utility values by less than 0.03 (0.05); P.25 – 25th percentile; P.75 75th percentile, RMSE Root Mean Square Error; MAE Mean Absolute Error; ICC – Intra Class Correlation.

OLS Ordinary least square, GLM Generalized linear modelling, CLAD Censored least absolute deviations, MFP Multivariable fractional polynomials, MM Robust MM estimator, BETA Mixture beta regression model, OLOGIT ordered logit (indirect response mapping).