Table 2.
Goodness of fit results from full estimation sample (N = 141)
| Model Specification | Mean utility (SD) | Minimum | Maximum | P.25 | Median | P.75 | RMSE | MAE | Abs diff < 0.03 | Abs diff < 0.05 | ICC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | 0.6619 | −0.2630 | 1.0000 | 0.5530 | 0.7080 | 0.8770 | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||||||||
| OLS | 0.6619 | 0.2421 | 0.8575 | 0.5396 | 0.6952 | 0.7966 | 0.2219 | 0.1782 | 9.9 | 16.2 | 0.670 |
| GLM | 0.6619 | 0.2421 | 0.8575 | 0.5396 | 0.6952 | 0.7966 | 0.2219 | 0.1782 | 9.9 | 16.2 | 0.670 |
| CLAD | 0.6849 | 0.2920 | 0.8679 | 0.5705 | 0.7160 | 0.8109 | 0.2234 | 0.1740 | 11.3 | 18.3 | 0.654 |
| MFP | 0.7164 | 0.2679 | 0.9254 | 0.5858 | 0.7520 | 0.8604 | 0.2288 | 0.1713 | 12.7 | 18.3 | 0.684 |
| MM | 0.7365 | 0.3104 | 0.9350 | 0.6124 | 0.7703 | 0.8732 | 0.2342 | 0.1724 | 12.7 | 19.7 | 0.673 |
| BETA | 0.7267 | 0.1593 | 0.9253 | 0.5885 | 0.8044 | 0.8912 | 0.2386 | 0.1778 | 10.6 | 16.2 | 0.705 |
| Model 2 | |||||||||||
| OLS | 0.6619 | 0.2308 | 0.8631 | 0.5519 | 0.6818 | 0.8028 | 0.2185 | 0.1750 | 9.2 | 15.5 | 0.690 |
| GLM | 0.6619 | 0.2308 | 0.8631 | 0.5519 | 0.6818 | 0.8028 | 0.2185 | 0.1750 | 9.2 | 15.5 | 0.690 |
| CLAD | 0.7066 | 0.2762 | 0.9072 | 0.5964 | 0.7272 | 0.8473 | 0.2230 | 0.1689 | 10.6 | 19.0 | 0.689 |
| MFP | 0.7224 | 0.2920 | 0.9263 | 0.6132 | 0.7414 | 0.8653 | 0.2268 | 0.1684 | 11.3 | 16.9 | 0.688 |
| MM | 0.7373 | 0.2897 | 0.9429 | 0.6125 | 0.7586 | 0.8871 | 0.2313 | 0.1695 | 9.2 | 16.2 | 0.697 |
| BETA | 0.7256 | 0.1505 | 0.9335 | 0.6154 | 0.7887 | 0.9019 | 0.2349 | 0.1761 | 4.2 | 12.0 | 0.717 |
| Model 3 | |||||||||||
| OLS | 0.6619 | 0.2360 | 0.8222 | 0.5697 | 0.6984 | 0.8222 | 0.2151 | 0.1721 | 11.3 | 16.9 | 0.707 |
| GLM | 0.6619 | 0.2360 | 0.8222 | 0.5697 | 0.6984 | 0.8222 | 0.2151 | 0.1721 | 11.3 | 16.9 | 0.707 |
| CLAD | 0.6967 | 0.2920 | 0.8370 | 0.6126 | 0.7322 | 0.8370 | 0.2217 | 0.1703 | 13.4 | 22.5 | 0.667 |
| MFP | 0.7086 | 0.2883 | 0.8655 | 0.6177 | 0.7473 | 0.8655 | 0.2204 | 0.1676 | 13.4 | 20.4 | 0.700 |
| MM | 0.7260 | 0.2719 | 0.8953 | 0.6278 | 0.7795 | 0.8953 | 0.2248 | 0.1695 | 9.9 | 16.9 | 0.718 |
| BETA | 0.7345 | 0.1775 | 0.9032 | 0.6098 | 0.8027 | 0.9032 | 0.2321 | 0.1745 | 10.6 | 16.9 | 0.731 |
| Indirect mapping | |||||||||||
| OLOGIT | 0.6443 | 0.4790 | 0.7680 | 0.5410 | 0.5920 | 0.7680 | 0.2363 | 0.1927 | 10.6 | 15.5 | 0.512 |
Dependant variable: EQ-5D-5 L utility score; Independent variables: Model 1 - MLHF total score; Model 2 – MLHF domain scores; Model 3 – MLHF item scores (Item 04, 17 and 21).
Abs diff. < 0.03 (0.05)% - proportion of predicted utilities whose absolute values deviate from the mean of the observed utility values by less than 0.03 (0.05); P.25 – 25th percentile; P.75 75th percentile, RMSE Root Mean Square Error; MAE Mean Absolute Error; ICC – Intra Class Correlation.
OLS Ordinary least square, GLM Generalized linear modelling, CLAD Censored least absolute deviations, MFP Multivariable fractional polynomials, MM Robust MM estimator, BETA Mixture beta regression model, OLOGIT ordered logit (indirect response mapping).