Table 3.
Differences in probability of low birth weight in relation to WIC and maternal characteristic interaction effects before and during the Great Recession using a linear probability regression model
| Baseline | Recession | |
|---|---|---|
| Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | |
| Maternal WIC | ||
| Not Enrolled | Referent | Referent |
| Enrolled | 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.03) | 0.016 (− 0.00, 0.04) |
| Maternal Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White, Non-Hispanic | Referent | Referent |
| White, Hispanic | 0.019 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.019 (0.01, 0.03) |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 0.084 (0.07, 0.10) | 0.079 (0.07, 0.09) |
| Asian | 0.034 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.047 (0.02, 0.07) |
| Other | 0.014 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.010 (− 0.00, 0.02) |
| WIC x Maternal Race/Ethnicitya | ||
| White x WIC | Referent | Referent |
| Hispanic x WIC | − 0.012 (− 0.02, 0.00) | − 0.010 (− 0.03, 0.01) |
| Black x WIC | − 0.031 (− 0.04, − 0.02) | −0.025 (− 0.04, − 0.01) |
| Asian x WIC | −0.014 (− 0.03, 0.01) | −0.022 (− 0.06, 0.01) |
| Other x WIC | − 0.010 (− 0.02, 0.00) | −0.007 (− 0.02, 0.01) |
| Maternal Age (in years) | ||
| Age ≤ 14 | 0.108 (0.02, 0.19) | 0.036 (−0.07, 0.14) |
| Age 15–19 | 0.002 (−0.02, 0.02) | − 0.002 (− 0.03, 0.02) |
| Age 20–24 | −0.019 (− 0.03, − 0.01) | −0.016 (− 0.03, − 0.00) |
| Age 25–29 | −0.017 (− 0.03, − 0.01) | −0.015 (− 0.03, 0.00) |
| Age 30–34 | Referent | Referent |
| Age 35–39 | 0.020 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.027 (−0.01, 0.06) |
| Age 40 + | 0.068 (0.02, 0.12) | 0.063 (0.03, 0.10) |
| WIC x Maternal Age (in years) | ||
| Age ≤ 14 x WIC | −0.115 (− 0.20, − 0.03) | −0.042 (− 0.16, 0.08) |
| Age 15–19 x WIC | −0.027 (− 0.06, 0.00) | −0.011 (− 0.05, 0.02) |
| Age 20–24 x WIC | −0.007 (− 0.03, 0.01) | −0.010 (− 0.03, 0.01) |
| Age 25–29 x WIC | −0.002 (− 0.02, 0.02) | −0.000 (− 0.03, 0.03) |
| Age 30–34 x WIC | Referent | Referent |
| Age 35–39 x WIC | 0.013 (− 0.01, 0.03) | −0.015 (− 0.06, 0.03) |
| Age 40 + x WIC | −0.016 (− 0.08, 0.04) | −0.014 (− 0.07, 0.04) |
| Maternal Education | ||
| Less than H.S. | 0.023 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.040 (0.02, 0.06) |
| H.S. Diploma | 0.017 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.021 (0.01, 0.03) |
| Some College | Referent | Referent |
|
Not Assessed; maternal age < 20 years |
0.009 (−0.00, 0.02) | 0.023 (0.00, 0.04) |
| WIC x Maternal Education | ||
| Less than H.S. x WIC | −0.007 (− 0.02, 0.01) | −0.025 (− 0.05, − 0.00) |
| H.S. Diploma x WIC | −0.006 (− 0.01, 0.00) | −0.012 (− 0.03, 0.00) |
| Some College x WIC | Referent | Referent |
|
Not Assessed; maternal age < 20 years x WIC |
0.004 (−0.01, 0.02) | − 0.026 (− 0.03, − 0.01) |
| Timing of Prenatal Care Entry | ||
| During First Trimester | Referent | Referent |
| After First Trimester (including no prenatal care) | 0.005 (−0.00, 0.01) | 0.017 (0.01, 0.03) |
| WIC x Prenatal Care | ||
| First Trimester x WIC | Referent | Referent |
| Late x WIC | −0.012 (− 0.02, − 0.01) | −0.023 (− 0.03, − 0.01) |
Abbreviations: CI: Confidence Interval; H.S.: high school; WIC: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
a “x” represents interaction between variable (e.g. maternal race/ethnicity) and WIC