Table 2.
Prevalence Ratios (PR 95% CI) of Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes by psychosocial measures among men and women, JHS (2000–2004)
| Psychosocial Measures | Obesity (PR, 95% CI) | Hypertension (PR, 95% CI) | Diabetes (PR, 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Cynical distrust | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.09 (1.03–1.16)*a | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 2.26 (1.56–3.29)*a | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
| High | 1.28 (1.12–1.47)*a | 1.09 (1.02–1.17)*a | 1.12 (1.03–1.23)*a | 0.93 (0.87–0.98)Ɨ | 3.28 (2.26–4.77)*a | 0.98 (0.85–1.15) |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.53 |
| Anger In | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.60 (1.22–2.09)*a | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) |
| High | 1.37 (1.22–1.53)*a | 1.05 (0.99–1.10) | 1.06 (0.99–1.15) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94)*a | 1.81 (1.43–2.29)*a | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.24 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| Anger Out | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 1.16 (1.09–1.23)*a | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88)*a | 1.07 (0.94–1.23)Ɨ |
| High | 1.23 (1.10–1.37)*a | 1.01 (0.96–1.08) | 1.04 (0.96–1.11) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01)Ɨ | 1.26 (1.03–1.53)*a | 0.88 (0.77–1.02) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 0.04 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16)*a | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.11 (1.05–1.17)*a | 1.04 (0.81–1.32) | 1.04 (0.89–1.20) |
| High | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | 1.13 (1.06–1.21)*a | 0.99 (0.92–1.08) | 1.08 (1.02–1.13)*a | 1.33 (1.06–1.67)*a | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) |
| P for trend | 0.15 | 0.001 | 0.76 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| Global Stress | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.21 (1.12–1.30)*a | 1.05 (1.01–1.10)* | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06)Ɨ | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31)*a |
| High | 1.26 (1.16–1.36)*a | 1.16 (1.11–1.20)*a | 1.10 (1.05–1.15)*a | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.27 (1.15–1.40)*a |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Weekly Stress-Event | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.19 (1.06–1.33)*a | 1.08 (1.02–1.14)*a | 0.88 (0.82–0.95)*a | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.70 (0.62–0.79)*a |
| High | 1.04 (0.94–1.17) | 1.11 (1.05–1.17)*a | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.96 (0.92–1.00)Ɨ | 1.25 (1.03–1.52)*a | 0.75 (0.67–0.85)*a |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.10 | 0.08 | < 0.001 |
| Weekly Stress-Impact | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00)Ɨ | 1.21 (0.91–1.60) | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) |
| High | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.70 (1.31–2.21)*a | 0.96 (0.80–1.14) |
| P for trend | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.72 | 0.15 | < 0.001 | 0.41 |
| Major Life Events | ||||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.24 (1.14–1.34)*a | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.95 (0.91–0.98)*a | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.18 (1.07–1.30)*a |
| High | 1.18 (1.09–1.28)*a | 1.19 (1.14–1.23)*a | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10)*a | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 1.34 (1.22–1.48)*a |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.37 | < 0.001 | 0.53 | < 0.001 |
*Bold indicates p value < 0.05. ƗP value < 0.10. Abbreviations CI Confidence interval, WSI Weekly stress inventory, SD Standard deviation. Models adjusted for age, education, income, physical activity, smoking, fat intake, alcohol consumption and body mass index (hypertension and diabetes analysis). Multiple imputation for missing data in covariates based on 5 data sets. a Bonferroni Correction with p value < 0.02