Table 3.
Prevalence Ratios (PR 95% CI) of Hypertension and Diabetes Control by psychosocial measures among men and women, JHS (2000–2004).
| Psychosocial Measures | Hypertension Control (PR, 95% CI) | Diabetes Control (PR, 95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Cynical distrust | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.75 (0.55–1.02)Ɨ | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 1.49 (0.70–3.22) | 0.79 (0.65–0.95)*a |
| High | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84)* | 1.70 (0.83–3.48) | 0.49 (0.36–0.66)*a |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.005 | 0.35 | < 0.001 |
| Anger In | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.04 (0.68–1.58) | 1.27 (1.01–1.60)*a | 1.85 (1.31–2.62)*a | 1.48 (1.18–1.86)*a |
| High | 1.44 (1.04–2.00)* | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 1.01 (0.70–1.47) | 1.20 (0.92–1.55) |
| P for trend | 0.05 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Anger Out | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.72 (0.51–1.03)Ɨ | 1.21 (0.99–1.47)* | 2.63 (1.55–4.48)*a | 0.57 (0.45–0.72)*a |
| High | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 0.77 (0.62–0.96)Ɨ | 0.68 (0.50–0.93)*a | 0.74 (0.59–0.92)*a |
| P for trend | 0.01 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.22 (0.90–1.66) | 1.09 (0.85–1.38) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) |
| High | 1.36 (1.00–1.85)Ɨ | 1.24 (0.99–1.55) | 0.76 (0.49–1.19) | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) |
| P for trend | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.61 |
| Global Stress | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.66 (0.55–0.78)*a | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) |
| High | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.81 (0.71–0.94)*a | 1.37 (1.05–1.78) | 0.80 (0.68–0.95)* |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Weekly Stress-Events | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 1.32 (0.93–1.87)Ɨ | 0.66 (0.53–0.82)*a |
| High | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 1.67 (1.09–2.57)*a | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) |
| P for trend | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| Weekly Stress-Impact | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 1.68 (1.22–2.33)*a | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.82 (0.57–1.17) | 0.65 (0.50–0.85)*a |
| High | 1.95 (1.36–2.78)*a | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 0.93 (0.50–1.74) | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.005 |
| Major Life Events | ||||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Medium | 0.94 (0.77–1.16) | 0.87 (0.74–1.03) | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) |
| High | 1.30 (1.08–1.55)* | 1.22 (1.08–1.39)*a | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) |
| P for trend | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 0.74 | 0.90 |
*Bold indicates p value < 0.05. ƗP value < 0.10. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, WSI weekly stress inventory, SD standard deviation
Models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, physical activity, smoking, fat intake, alcohol consumption and body
mass index. Multiple imputation for missing data in covariates based on 5 data sets. a Bonferroni Correction with p value < 0.02