Table 4.
Study characteristics as predictors (moderators) of intervention effects
| Behavioral intentions | Behavior | Anticipated regret | Anticipated negative affect | Anticipated positive affect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | |||
| % Female gender | −.0019 | .0002 | .0086* | .0009 | −.0005 | .0019 | 0.0029 | −0.0132 |
| Age | .0002 | .1317 | .0001 | −.0006 | −.0043 | .0063 | 0.0077 | −0.0013 |
| Internet-based | .1084 | — | −.144 | — | .0892 | — | −0.0204 | — |
| Conceptual framework | ||||||||
| Anticipated regret | .0339 | — | −.3199 | −.0118 | — | .2311 | 0.6210* | −0.5294 |
| Anticipated affect/emotion | −.0399 | — | .0307 | −.130 | −.0278 | — | −0.558*** | 0.5152 |
| Emotion education | .277 | — | .4635 | .348 | .0842 | — | 0.0591 | — |
| Behavioral context | ||||||||
| Health behaviors (e.g., exercise) | −.0989 | — | −.1764 | −.1866 | −.1347 | .2311 | 0.2862 | 0.0936 |
| Cancer screening | −.127 | — | .242 | −.0255 | −.2019 | .2311 | — | −0.0936 |
| Blood/organ donation | .0458 | — | −.0945 | — | .0842 | — | −0.1464 | — |
| Intervention | ||||||||
| Questionnaire as intervention | −.0905 | −.3149 | −.0908 | .0833 | .0586 | −.299 | −0.1319 | 0.468 |
| “No content” control | −.0881 | — | .0953 | .1952 | −.2019 | .2311 | −0.2967 | 0.2802 |
| Length of follow-up (# hours) | n/a | −.009 | n/a | .000 | n/a | .000 | n/a | n/a |
Beta coefficients from univariate meta-regression models. Anticipated negative and positive affect are in relation to the targeted health behavior. “No content” controls refer to control groups for which there was no or minimal contact. Questionnaire as intervention studies were comprised entirely of anticipated regret items.
*p < .05; ***p < .001.