Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted differences in pregnancy glucose levels in mg/dL from 50-gram GLT across categories of 1st and 2nd trimester urinary paraben concentrations*, evaluated in separate statistical models.
| 1st trimester (n=204) | 2nd trimester (n=207) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted† | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |||||
| Glucose levels (mg/dL) (95% CI) | Glucose levels (mg/dL) (95% CI) | |||||||
| Beta (mg/dL) | 95% CI | Beta (mg/dL) | 95% CI | Beta (mg/dL) | 95% CI | Beta (mg/dL) | 95% CI | |
| Methylparaben | ||||||||
| Q1 | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref |
| Q2 | −5.1 | (−15.7, 5.4) | −4.4 | (−15.3, 6.5) | −2.8 | (−13.0, 7.4) | −1.6 | (−12.1, 8.8) |
| Q3 | −4.1 | (−14.6, 6.5) | −3.8 | (−14.8, 7.2) | −2.4 | (−12.5, 7.8) | −1.5 | (−11.9, 8.9) |
| Q4 | 0.3 | (−10.2, 10.9) | −1.1 | (−11.8, 9.6) | 2.2 | (−8.1, 12.4) | 0 | (−10.8, 10.8) |
| Propylparaben | ||||||||
| Q1 | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref |
| Q2 | −6.9 | (−17.5, 3.6) | −8.2 | (−19.2, 2.7) | −5.9 | (−16.0, 4.2) | −5.7 | (−16.0, 4.6) |
| Q3 | −7.0 | (−17.5, 3.6) | −7.3 | (−18.3, 3.8) | 1.8 | (−8.3, 12.0) | 2.5 | (−7.9, 12.9) |
| Q4 | −4.4 | (−14.9, 6.2) | −6.6 | (−17.3, 4.2) | 2.5 | (−7.7, 12.7) | 1.0 | (−9.8, 11.7) |
| Butylparaben | ||||||||
| Q1 | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref |
| Q2 | 8.8 | (−1.7, 19.3) | 7.5 | (−3.4, 18.9) | 12.7 | (2.8, 22.6) | 13.6 | (3.5, 23.7) |
| Q3 | 7.4 | (−3.2, 17.9) | 7.7 | (−3.0, 18.4) | 12.0 | (1.9, 22.1) | 11.8 | (1.7, 22.0) |
| Q4 | 6.7 | (−3.9, 17.2) | 8.1 | (−2.6, 18.9) | 8.7 | (−1.4, 18.8) | 10.1 | (0.7, 20.2) |
| Butylparaben‡ | ||||||||
| T1 | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref | 0 | Ref |
| T2 | 4.7 | (−4.4, 13.8) | 4.1 | (−5.2, 13.4) | 3.8 | (−5.1, 12.6) | 2.2 | (−6.8, 11.2) |
| T3 | 5.8 | (−3.3, 14.9) | 7.1 | (−2.2, 16.4) | 3.0 | (−5.7, 11.7) | 3.5 | (−5.2, 12.2) |
*
Parabens concentrations log-transformed and SG-adjusted
†
Models adjusted for physical activity (continuous), maternal age (continuous), BMI (continuous), smoking, race, education, infertility diagnosis, number of fetuses.
‡
Tertiles of Butylparaben