Table 2.
Laboratory findings on admission of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who died and recovered patients. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Laboratory finding (normal range) | Total (n=274) | Deaths (n=113) | Recovered patients (n=161) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) white blood cell count, ×109/L (3.5-9.5) | 5.9 (4.3-9.2) | 10.2 (6.2-13.6) | 5.0 (3.7-6.3) |
| <4×109/L | 58 (21) | 9 (8) | 49 (30) |
| 4-10×109/L | 154 (56) | 48 (42) | 106 (66) |
| ≥10×109/L | 62 (23) | 56 (50) | 6 (4) |
| Median (IQR) neutrophil count,×109/L (1.8-6.3) | 4.4 (2.8-8.0) | 9.0 (5.4-12.7) | 3.2 (2.4-4.5) |
| >6.3×109/L | 93 (34) | 75 (66) | 17 (11) |
| Median (IQR) lymphocyte count,×109/L (1.1-3.2) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 0.6 (0.4-0.7) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) |
| ≥1×109/L | 95 (35) | 10 (9) | 85 (53) |
| 0.8-1×109/L | 44 (16) | 16 (14) | 28 (17) |
| 0.5-0.8×109/L | 83 (30) | 43 (38) | 40 (25) |
| <0.5×109/L | 52 (19) | 44 (39) | 8 (5) |
| Median (IQR) monocyte count, ×109/L (0.1-0.6) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.4 (0.2-0.6) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) |
| Median (IQR) haemoglobin, g/L (130-175) | 128.0 (116.0-140.0) | 128.0 (114.0-145.0) | 128.0 (118.0-138.0) |
| Median (IQR) platelet count, ×109/L (125-350) | 179.0 (133.0-235.0) | 156.0 (111.8-219.3) | 198.0 (160.0-256.0) |
| Median (IQR) alanine aminotransferase, U/L (≤41) | 23.0 (15.0-38.0) | 28.0 (18.0-47.0) | 20.0 (14.8-32.0) |
| >41 U/L | 60 (22) | 30 (27) | 30 (19) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (≤40) | 30.0 (22.0-46.0) | 45.0 (31.0-67.0) | 25.0 (20.0-33.3) |
| >40 U/L | 84 (31) | 59 (52) | 25 (16) |
| Albumin, g/L (35.0-52.0) | 33.9 (30.3–37.6) | 30.1 (27.9-33.0) | 36.3 (33.7-39.5) |
| <32 g/L | 96 (35) | 74 (65) | 22 (14) |
| Median (IQR) total bilirubin, mmol/L (≤26) | 9.6 (6.7-13.5) | 12.6 (9.4-16.7) | 8.4 (5.8-11.2) |
| Median (IQR) alkaline phosphatase, U/L (40-130) | 68.0 (55.0-87.0) | 76.0 (60.0-118.0) | 64.0 (51.0-77.0) |
| Median (IQR) γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L (10-71) | 33.0 (21.0–51.0) | 42.0 (27.0-70.0) | 28.0 (19.0-45.3) |
| Median (IQR) triglycerides, mmol/L (<1.7) | 1.3 (1.0-2.0) | 1.8 (1.2-2.2) | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) |
| Median (IQR) potassium, mmol/L (3.5-5.1) | 4.1 (3.8-4.6) | 4.3 (3.9-4.9) | 4.1 (3.8-4.4) |
| <3.5 mmol/L | 31 (11) | 14 (12) | 17 (11) |
| 3.5-5.1 mmol/L | 211 (77) | 74 (65) | 137 (85) |
| >5.1 mmol/L | 32 (12) | 25 (22) | 7 (4) |
| Median (IQR) sodium, mmol/L (136-145) | 138.7 (136.3-142.1) | 138.4 (135.8-143.9) | 139.1 (136.6-141.6) |
| >145 mmol/L | 23 (8) | 20 (18) | 3 (2) |
| Median (IQR) blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L (3.1-8.0) | 4.9 (3.5-7.9) | 8.4 (5.7-12.6) | 4.0 (3.0-5.1) |
| Median (IQR) creatinine, μmol/L (59-104) | 76.0 (58.0-94.0) | 88.0 (66.0-114.0) | 66.0 (54.0-84.0) |
| Median (IQR) creatine kinase, U/L (≤190) | 109.0 (53.5-188.0) | 189.0 (94.5-374.5) | 84.0 (50.8-140.3) |
| Median (IQR) lactate dehydrogenase, U/L (135 to 225) | 321.5 (249.8-510.5) | 564.5 (431.0-715.8) | 268.0 (214.3-316.5) |
| >350 U/L | 116 (42) | 93 (82) | 23 (14) |
| Median (IQR) hypersensitive cardiac troponin I, pg/mL (≤15.6) | 8.7 (2.9-33.6) | 40.8 (14.7-157.8) | 3.3 (1.9-7.0) |
| >15.6 pg/mL | 83/203 (41) | 68/94 (72) | 15/109 (14) |
| Median (IQR) N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL (<285) | 267.0 (48.0-821.0) | 800.0 (389.8-1817.5) | 72.0 (20.0-185.0) |
| ≥285 pg/mL | 85/173 (49) | 68/80 (85) | 17/93 (18) |
| Median (IQR) prothrombin time, seconds (11.5-14.5) | 14.3 (13.4-15.4) | 15.5 (14.4-17.3) | 13.9 (13.2-14.4) |
| Median (IQR) international normalised ratio (0.8-1.2) | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) |
| Median (IQR) activated partial thromboplastin time, seconds (29.0- 42.0) | 30.8 (36.6-44.3) | 40.6 (35.6-46.9) | 41.0 (36.9-44.0) |
| Median (IQR) D-dimer, μg/mL (<0.5) | 1.1 (0.5-3.2) | 4.6 (1.3-21.0) | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) |
| >21 μg/mL | 37/247 (15) | 34/97 (35) | 3/150 (2) |
| Median (IQR) procalcitonin, ng/mL (0.02 to 0.05) | 0.09 (0.04-0.23) | 0.33 (0.14-0.65) | 0.05 (0.03-0.08) |
| <0.05 ng/mL | 71/236 (30) | 1/96 (1) | 70/140 (50) |
| 0.05-0.5 ng/mL | 127/236 (54) | 60/96 (63) | 67/140 (48) |
| 0.5-2 ng/mL | 30/236 (13) | 27/96 (28) | 3/140 (2) |
| ≥2 ng/mL | 8/236 (3) | 8/96 (8) | 0/140 (0) |
| Median (IQR) high sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L (<1) | 53.4 (18.6-113.0) | 113.0 (69.1-168.4) | 26.2 (8.7-55.8) |
| >100 mg/L | 80/243 (33) | 59/98 (60) | 21/145 (14) |
| Median (IQR) ferritin, μg/L (30-400) | 669.7 (388.8-1494.6) | 1418.3 (915.4-2236.2) | 481.2 (265.1-871.5) |
| Median (IQR) erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/h (0-15) | 32.5 (17.3-53.8) | 38.5 (20.5-62.8) | 28.0 (15.8-45.0) |
| Median (IQR) thyroid stimulating hormone, mIU/mL (0.27-4.20) | 1.2 (0.5-2.0) | 0.7 (0.3-1.4) | 1.4 (0.7-2.2) |
| Median (IQR) free triiodothyronine, pmol/L (3.1-6.8) | 3.9 (3.1-4.6) | 2.8 (2.5-3.1) | 4.3 (3.7-4.8) |
| Median (IQR) free thyroxin, pmol/L (12-22) | 17.7 (14.9-19.0) | 15.8 (13.2-18.6) | 18.3 (15.7-19.2) |
| Median (IQR) immunoglobulin A, g/L (0.82-4.53) | 2.2 (1.6-2.8) | 2.4 (1.6-3.3) | 2.1 (1.6-2.8) |
| Median (IQR) immunoglobulin G, g/L (7.51-15.6) | 11.5 (9.3-13.3) | 12.3 (10.1-14.5) | 11.3 (9.3-13.0) |
| Median (IQR) immunoglobulin M, g/L (0.46-3.04) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) |
| Median (IQR) complement 3, g/L (0.65-1.39) | 0.9 (0.8-1.4) | 0.8 (0.6-0.9) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) |
| Median (IQR) complement 4, g/L (0.16-0.38) | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 0.3 (0.2-0.3) |
| Interleukin 1β ≥5pg/mL | 18/163 (11.0) | 5/53 (9) | 13/110 (12) |
| Median (IQR) interleukin 2 receptor, U/mL (223-710) | 713.0 (502.5-1111.0) | 1189.0 (901.0-1781.0) | 566.5 (448.0-858.3) |
| ≥710 U/L | 84/163 (52) | 43/53 (81) | 41/110 (37) |
| Median (IQR) interleukin 6, pg/mL (<7) | 22.0 (6.1-51.8) | 72.0 (35.6-146.8) | 13.0 (4.0-26.2) |
| ≥7 pg/mL | 119/163 (73) | 53/53 (100) | 66/110 (60) |
| Median (IQR) interleukin 8, pg/mL (<62) | 16.6 (9.2-32.6) | 28.3 (18.7-72.1) | 11.4 (7.8-20.2) |
| ≥62 pg/mL | 24/163 (15) | 15/53 (28) | 9/110 (8) |
| Median (IQR) interleukin 10, pg/mL (<9.1) | 6.7 (5.0-12.2) | 12.8 (8.8-19.6) | 5.0 (5.0-8.4) |
| ≥9.2 pg/mL | 58/163 (36) | 37/53 (70) | 21/110 (19) |
| Median (IQR) tumour necrosis factor α, pg/mL (<8.1) | 8.6 (7.0-12.2) | 11.8 (8.6-17.6) | 7.9 (6.7-9.6) |
| ≥8.1 pg/mL | 93/163 (57) | 41/53 (77) | 52/110 (47) |
| Positive urinary protein | 100/166 (60) | 42/49 (86) | 58/117(50) |
| Positive urinary occult blood | 84/166 (51) | 40/49 (82) | 44/117 (38) |
| Bilateral involvement on chest computed tomography scan | 265 (97) | 113 (100) | 152 (94) |
IQR=interquartile range.