Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies, Koepping to Whitley

Author and year	Country	Study period*	Study length	Follow-up time	Outcome	Intervention measured	Celebrity	No of interventions / celebrities§	Celebrity type	Celebrity recognition	Total suicides and specific suicide method	Media type**	Total risk of bias
Koepping 1989	The Netherlands	1974-84	4018 days	7 days (including day 0)	Daily count	Binary†	No	126	—	—	Total suicides	Newspaper	Serious
Ladwig 2012	Germany	October-December 2009	56 days	28 days	Daily counts aggregated over the follow-up period	Binary†	Yes	1¶	Sports	International	Railway suicides	Mixed	Moderate
Lee 2019	South Korea	2007-15	164 fortnights	2 weeks	Daily counts aggregated to 2 week periods	Binary†	Yes	69¶	Mixed	Mixed, more local	Total suicides	Mixed	Serious
Mockus 2018	USA	1973-88	5844 days	3 days including day 0	Daily counts	Binary†	Yes	11¶	Mixed	Mixed, more local	Total suicides	Mixed	Serious
Niederkrotenthaler 2009	Austria	1996-2006	896 days	28 days	Daily counts aggregated to 28 day period	Binary†	Yes	16¶	Mixed	Mixed	Total suicides and mixed suicide methods	Mixed	Moderate
Phillips 1974	USA	1947-68	102 months	Same month or next month depending on intervention date	Monthly counts	Binary†	Yes	34¶	Mixed	Mixed, more local	Total suicides	Newspaper	Serious
Pirkis 2020	Australia	2001-16	5845 days	2 months	Daily counts	Binary†	Yes	1¶	Entertainer	International	Total suicides and by hanging	Mixed	Moderate
Queinec 2011	France	1979-2006	10 227 days	30 days	Daily counts aggregated to months	Binary†	Yes	6¶	Mixed	Mixed, more local	Total suicides and mixed suicide methods	Mixed	Moderate
Romer 2006	USA	July-October 1993	123 days	10 days	Daily counts	Continuous‡	No	125	—	—	Total suicides	Mixed	Serious
Ruddigkeit 2010	Germany	2001-03	156 weeks	1 week	Daily counts aggregated to weeks	Binary†	No	143	—	—	Total suicides	Newspaper	Serious
Schafer 2015	Germany	1992-2009	90 weeks	4 weeks	Daily counts aggregated to weeks	Binary†	Yes	6¶	Mixed	Mixed, more local	Total suicides and mixed suicide methods	Mixed	Moderate
Stack 1996	Japan	1955-85	372 months	Same month or next month depending on intervention date	Monthly counts	Binary†	Yes	24¶	Mixed	Mixed	Total suicides	Mixed	Serious
Ueda 2014	Japan	1989-2010	8035 days	10 days	Daily counts	Binary†	Yes	109¶	Mixed	Local	Total suicides	Mixed	Moderate
Ueda 2017	Japan	2010-14	1645 days	10 days	Daily counts	Binary†	Yes	26¶	Mixed	Local	Total suicides	Mixed	Moderate
Whitley 2019	Canada	1999-2015	189 months	2 months (same month and next month)	Monthly counts	Binary†	Yes	1¶	Entertainer	International	Total suicides and by hanging	Mixed	Moderate

^*Time frame when outcome data were selected.

^†Period of intervention.

^‡Number of media reports of suicide.

^§Number of celebrities (¶) or number of interventions.

^**For celebrities, media type is always assumed to be mixed.