Table 2.

Cox proportional hazards models showing associations between receptive arts engagement and 14 year mortality by calculating the percentage of protective association explained by specific confounding factors

Explanatory factors	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	P	PPAE (%)
Basic model (age)	0.67 (0.63 to 0.71)	<0.001	—
+sex	0.67 (0.63 to 0.72)	<0.001	0
+education, occupational status, and employment status	0.67 (0.63 to 0.72)	<0.001	0
+wealth	0.70 (0.65 to 0.75)	<0.001	9.1
+cancer, lung disease, cardiovascular disease, or other long term condition	0.67 (0.62 to 0.71)	<0.001	0
+mobility and disability	0.71 (0.66 to 0.75)	<0.001	12.1
+depressive symptoms and psychiatric conditions	0.68 (0.64 to 0.72)	<0.001	3.0
+cognition	0.72 (0.67 to 0.76)	<0.001	15.2
+sensory impairment (hearing and eyesight)	0.67 (0.63 to 0.72)	<0.001	0
+sedentary behaviours	0.69 (0.65 to 0.74)	<0.001	6.1
+other health behaviours (drinking and smoking)	0.70 (0.65 to 0.74)	<0.001	9.1
+loneliness, living status, and marital status	0.69 (0.64 to 0.73)	<0.001	6.1
+social, civic, and hobby engagement	0.71 (0.67 to 0.76)	<0.001	12.1
=all	0.80 (0.75 to 0.87)	<0.001	41.9

PPAE=percentage of protective association explained.

Analysed using receptive arts engagement as a continuous variable. Each line of the table shows an explanatory factor or set of explanatory factors added to the basic model. The final line shows all of these factors entered simultaneously.