Table 2.
Risk of all cause mortality according to fifths of total soy, fermented soy, and non-fermented soy product intake in Japanese men and women. Values are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) unless stated otherwise
| Variables | Men (n=42 750) | Ptrend | Women (n=50 165) | Ptrend | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | ||||
| Total soy products*: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | <53.2 | 53.2-79.2 | 79.2-104.6 | 104.6-141.3 | >141.3 | <51.6 | 51.6-75.3 | 75.3-99.7 | 99.7-135.9 | >135.9 | |||
| No of deaths | 1531 | 1593 | 1626 | 1676 | 1944 | 942 | 958 | 917 | 977 | 1139 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.30 | 6.76 | 6.53 | 6.29 | 6.82 | 2.78 | 2.65 | 2.44 | 2.47 | 2.61 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.92) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.03) | 0.09 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.98) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06) | 0.43 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.46 | |
| Fermented soy products¶: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | <13.4 | 13.4-24.1 | 24.1-35.2 | 35.3-50.2 | >50.2 | <12.5 | 12.5-22.2 | 22.2-32.9 | 32.9-46.6 | >46.6 | |||
| No of deaths | 1657 | 1530 | 1600 | 1763 | 1820 | 1033 | 955 | 925 | 963 | 1057 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.32 | 6.63 | 6.56 | 6.86 | 6.40 | 2.88 | 2.67 | 2.50 | 2.46 | 2.49 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.01) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.009 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.85 to 1.01) | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.94) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 0.002 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99) | 0.89 (0.80 to 0.98) | 0.01 | |
| Non-fermented soy products**: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | <17.3 | 17.3-28.3 | 28.3-45.5 | 43.5-72.9 | >72.9 | <19.2 | 19.2-30.7 | 30.7-45.9 | 45.9-74.7 | >74.7 | |||
| No of deaths | 1654 | 1515 | 1641 | 1723 | 1837 | 1054 | 909 | 860 | 963 | 1147 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.17 | 6.38 | 6.65 | 6.56 | 6.71 | 2.87 | 2.51 | 2.27 | 2.51 | 2.73 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.95) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 0.31 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) | 0.32 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.93) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) | 0.80 | |
Sum of natto, miso, three kinds of tofu (tofu, yushidofu, and koyadofu), fried tofu (abura-age), and soy.
Age and geographical area adjusted mortality risk at 10 years.
Adjusted for age and geographical area.
Adjusted for age, geographical area, smoking, frequency of alcohol intake, body mass index, sports or physical exercise, history of diabetes or taking drugs for diabetes, taking antihypertensives, health check-up, total energy intake, and intake of green tea, coffee, fish, meat, fruit, and vegetables.
Sum of natto and miso.
Tofu, abura-age, and soy milk.