Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all cause mortality according to fifth of soy product intake in Japanese men and women
| Variables | Men (n=42 750)* | Ptrend | Women (n=50 165)* | Ptrend | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | ||||
| Natto: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | 0 | 1.1-6.7 | 6.7-13.5 | 13.5-26.2 | >26.2 | 0 | 1.0-7.0 | 7.0-14.1 | 14.1-26.2 | >26.2 | |||
| No of deaths | 2765 | 1334 | 1356 | 1386 | 1529 | 1608 | 743 | 827 | 821 | 934 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.34 | 6.78 | 6.73 | 6.40 | 6.08 | 3.17 | 2.43 | 2.64 | 2.36 | 2.45 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.89) | <0.0001 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.70 to 0.84) | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.74 (0.67 to 0.82) | 0.77 (0.70 to 0.85) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.89) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.90) | 0.84 (0.76 to 0.93) | 0.001 | |
| Miso: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | <7.7 | 7.7–14.3 | 14.3–22.5 | 22.5–31.1 | >31.1 | <6.4 | 6.4–11.7 | 11.7–18.6 | 18.6–26.3 | >26.3 | |||
| No of deaths | 1564 | 1559 | 1611 | 1662 | 1974 | 989 | 905 | 966 | 953 | 1120 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.21 | 6.53 | 6.48 | 6.78 | 7.09 | 2.95 | 2.49 | 2.48 | 2.45 | 2.60 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06) | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.02 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.03 | |
| Tofu: | |||||||||||||
| Intake (g/day) | <16.4 | 16.4-26.5 | 26.5-39.5 | 39.5-64.2 | >64.2 | <18.0 | 18.0-28.6 | 28.6-41.5 | 41.5-64.8 | >64.8 | |||
| No of deaths | 1670 | 1537 | 1615 | 1722 | 1826 | 1085 | 917 | 897 | 938 | 1096 | |||
| Cumulative mortality rate (%)† | 7.21 | 6.44 | 6.58 | 6.56 | 6.62 | 2.93 | 2.52 | 2.37 | 2.43 | 2.60 | |||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.88) | 0.83 (0.76 to 0.90) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.006 | |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.84 to 1.00) | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.95) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.03) | 0.21 | |
Except for natto intake the first to fifth categories comprised 8550 men and 10 330 women. The first fifth of natto intake included participants who did not eat natto (n=12 450 men and 12 227 women). The remaining participants were divided into quarters and are shown in the second to fifth categories (7575 men and 9484, 9485, 9484, and 9485 women from the second to fifth categories, respectively). The first category comprises the lowest amount of soy product consumption and the fifth category is the highest.
Age and area adjusted mortality risk at 10 years.
Adjusted for age and geographical area.
Adjusted for age, geographical area, smoking, frequency of alcohol intake, body mass index, sports or physical exercise, history of diabetes or taking drugs for diabetes, taking antihypertensives, health check-up, postmenopausal status (women only), use of exogenous female hormones (women only), total energy intake, and the intake of green tea, coffee, fish, meat, fruit, and vegetables.