Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants (n=230 930) by commuting category. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Non-active (n=178 976) | Walk (n=12 352) | Cycle (n=5704) | Mixed mode: walk (n=20 518) | Mixed-mode: cycle (n=13 380) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 52.6 (7.0) | 52.9 (7.0) | 51.4 (7.0) | 52.3 (6.8) | 50.3 (6.7) |
| Women | 92 393 (51.6) | 8413 (68.1) | 1961 (34.4) | 12 709 (61.9) | 4754 (35.5) |
| Men | 86 583 (48.4) | 3939 (31.9) | 3743 (65.6) | 7809 (38.1) | 8626 (64.5) |
| Ethnicity: | |||||
| White | 169 649 (94.8) | 11 733 (95.0) | 5508 (96.6) | 19 436 (94.7) | 12 977 (97.0) |
| Black | 2862 (1.6) | 160 (1.3) | 44 (0.8) | 334 (1.6) | 113 (0.8) |
| South Asian | 2781 (1.6) | 158 (1.3) | 21 (0.4) | 276 (1.3) | 67 (0.5) |
| Other | 3684 (2.1) | 301 (2.4) | 131 (2.3) | 472 (2.3) | 223 (1.7) |
| Smoking status: | |||||
| Never | 103 234 (57.7) | 7207 (58.3) | 3285 (57.6) | 12 474 (60.8) | 7875 (58.9) |
| Former | 56 620 (31.6) | 3773 (30.5) | 1878 (32.9) | 6281 (30.6) | 4388 (32.8) |
| Current | 19 122 (10.7) | 1372 (11.1) | 541 (9.5) | 1763 (8.6) | 1117 (8.3) |
| Baseline cardiovascular disease | 5420 (3.0) | 333 (2.7) | 99 (1.7) | 446 (2.2) | 228 (1.7) |
| Median (interquartile range) Townsend deprivation index | −2.39 (−3.77, −0.10) | −0.47 (−2.68, 2.31) | −0.91 (−2.91, 1.80) | −1.51 (−3.33, 1.15) | −1.88 (−3.54, 0.62) |
| Longstanding illness | 44 173 (24.7) | 2832 (22.9) | 1081 (19.0) | 5034 (24.5) | 2653 (19.8) |
| Physical activity: | |||||
| Sedentary | 23 013 (12.9) | 1228 (9.9) | 4 (0.1) | 2500 (12.2) | 152 (1.1) |
| Moderately active | 128 897 (72.0) | 8893 (72.0) | 2192 (38.4) | 15 488 (75.5) | 8550 (63.9) |
| Very active | 27 066 (15.1) | 2231 (18.1) | 3508 (61.5) | 2530 (12.3) | 4678 (35.0) |
| Previous cancer | 10 073 (5.6) | 742 (6.0) | 247 (4.3) | 1120 (5.5) | 606 (4.5) |
| Diabetes | 6500 (3.6) | 349 (2.8) | 98 (1.7) | 625 (3.0) | 229 (1.7) |
| Hypertension | 86 610 (48.4) | 5682 (46.0) | 2191 (38.4) | 9285 (45.3) | 5237 (39.1) |
| Depression | 35 617 (19.9) | 2543 (20.6) | 1289 (22.6) | 5102 (24.9) | 3309 (24.7) |
| Mean (SD) body mass index (kg/m2): | |||||
| <18.5 | 737 (0.4) | 97 (0.8) | 54 (0.9) | 123 (0.6) | 66 (0.5) |
| 18.5-24.9 | 58 223 (32.5) | 5227 (42.3) | 2941 (51.6) | 7942 (38.7) | 5737 (42.9) |
| 25.0-29.9 | 76 492 (42.7) | 4789 (38.8) | 2187 (38.3) | 8242 (40.2) | 5714 (42.7) |
| ≥30.0 | 43 524 (24.3) | 2239 (18.1) | 522 (9.2) | 4211 (20.5) | 1863 (13.9) |
| Alcohol drinker status: | |||||
| Never | 5446 (3.0) | 559 (4.5) | 109 (1.9) | 664 (3.2) | 214 (1.6) |
| Former | 4537 (2.5) | 427 (3.5) | 192 (3.4) | 547 (2.7) | 300 (2.2) |
| Current | 168 993 (94.4) | 11 366 (92.0) | 5403 (94.7) | 19 307 (94.1) | 12 866 (96.2) |
All variables globally significantly different between groups at P<0.001.