Table 3.
GRADE summary of findings for pneumonia for different comparisons
| Comparison | Direct estimate (95% CrI); Certainty of evidence | Indirect estimate (95% CrI); Certainty of evidence | Network estimate (95% CrI); Certainty of evidence* | Absolute effect estimates† (95% CrI) per 1000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPIs v placebo | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.74); Moderate‡ |
1.78 (0.98 to 3.23); Moderate‡ |
1.39 (0.98 to 2.10); Lowद |
Placebo: 162 | PPIs: 212 (159 to 287) |
| Difference: 50 (−3 to 125) | |||||
| H2RAs v placebo | 1.32 (0.87 to 2.02); Moderate‡ |
0.91 (0.50 to 1.94); Moderate‡ |
1.26 (0.89 to 1.85); Lowद |
Placebo: 162 | H2RAs: 196 (148 to 263) |
| Difference: 34 (−14 to 101) | |||||
| Sucralfate v placebo | 2.13 (0.69 to 6.74); Moderate‡ |
0.68 (0.42 to 1.11); Moderate‡ |
0.85 (0.56 to 1.33); Lowठ|
Placebo: 162 | Sucralfate: 142 (98 to 204) |
| Difference: −20 (−64 to 42) | |||||
| PPIs v H2RAs | 1.10 (0.79 to 1.51); Moderate‡ |
1.03 (0.57 to 1.95); Moderate‡ |
1.11 (0.82 to 1.50); Lowठ|
H2RAs: 196 (148 to 263) | PPIs: 212 (159 to 287) |
| Difference: 16 (−32 to 68) | |||||
| PPIs v sucralfate | 2.89 (1.38 to 6.00); Moderate‡ |
1.27 (0.84 to 2.04); Moderate‡ |
1.63 (1.12 to 2.46); Lowठ|
Sucralfate: 142 (98 to 204) | PPIs: 212 (159 to 287) |
| Difference: 70 (18 to 131) | |||||
| H2RAs v sucralfate | 1.34 (1.04 to 1.82); Moderate‡ |
2.77 (0.90 to 8.24); Moderate‡ |
1.47 (1.11 to 2.03); Lowठ|
Sucralfate: 142 (98 to 204) | H2RAs: 196 (148 to 263) |
| Difference: 53 (15 to 99) | |||||
CrI = credible interval; PPIs = proton pump inhibitors; H2RAs = histamine-2 receptor antagonists.
*
Higher of direct or indirect confidence (without consider imprecision), and then considered imprecision and incoherence.
†
We used as baseline risk in the placebo group of the SUP-ICU trial.
‡
Rated down for risk of bias.
§
Rated down for imprecision.
¶
We are skeptical of the result because the pooled result including smaller studies conflicts with the evidence from the largest study (SUP-ICU).