Fig 4.

Multivariable isocaloric analysis on replacing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with sugar, starch, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and protein. Outcomes were all cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) Curves represent hazard ratios conditional on current intake of the replacement macronutrient. For example, for a person having 10% of energy from protein, replacing 5% of energy from fat by protein is associated with lower risk of all cause mortality. Macronutrients shown were mutually adjusted. Additionally, analyses were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation index, ethnicity, smoking status, height, body mass index categories, systolic blood pressure, baseline diabetes, mental health disorders, total physical activity, daily alcohol and fibre intake, and total energy intake. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals