. 2014 Jul 1;38(4):598–632. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12052

Table 2.

Overview of host lectins that have been linked with proviral effects

Host lectin	Implicated in infection with/spread or persistence of …
Membrane-associated lectin
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)	Ebola virus,^1–3 Hepatitis A virus,⁴ Hepatitis B virus,^5–10 Marburg virus,^2,11 Sendai virus^12–14
Blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2)	Hepatitis C virus,¹⁵ Human immunodeficiency virus^16,17
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR)	Hepatitis C virus,¹⁵ Human immunodeficiency virus^18–20
Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3- grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)	Aura virus,²¹ Dengue virus,^22–34 Ebola virus,^{1–3,35–41} Feline coronavirus,^42,43 Feline immunodeficiency virus,⁴⁴ Hepatitis C virus,^41,45–53 Herpes simplex virus,⁵⁴ Human coronavirus NL-63,⁵⁵ Human cytomegalovirus,^56–59 Human herpes virus 8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus,^60–62 Human immunodeficiency virus^dimt, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus,^63–65 Influenza A virus,^66–68 Junin virus,⁶⁹ La Crosse virus,⁷⁰ Lassa virus,⁷¹ Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,⁷² Marburg virus,^2,41,73 Measles virus,^74–79 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,⁸⁰ Punta Toro virus,⁸¹ Respiratory syncytial virus,⁸² Rift Valley fever virus,^70,81 Semliki Forest virus,⁸³ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,^{2,41,55,84–87} Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,⁷⁰ Simian immunodeficiency virus,^1,40,88–99 Sindbis virus,^21,100 Toscana virus,⁸¹ Uukuniemi virus,⁸¹ West Nile virus^32,33,101
Liver/lymph node-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3- grabbing nonintegrin (L-SIGN; DC-SIGN-related protein; DC-SIGNR)	Aura virus,²¹ Dengue virus,^{28–30,32,33} Ebola virus,^{1,2,35,37–41} Hepatitis C virus,^{45–52,102,103} Human coronavirus NL-63,⁵⁵ Human coronavirus 229E,¹⁰⁴ Human cytomegalovirus,⁵⁶ Human immunodeficiency virus,^{1,88,99,105–108} Influenza A virus,⁶⁶ Junin virus,⁶⁹ Marburg virus,^2,41 Respiratory syncytial virus,⁸² Semliki Forest virus,⁸³ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,^{2,41,55,86,109,110} Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,⁷⁰ Simian immunodeficiency virus,^88,90,99 Sindbis virus,^21,100 West Nile virus^32,33
Liver/lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin)	Ebola virus,^3,41,111,112 Lassa virus,⁷¹ Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,⁷² Marburg virus,^41,112 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus⁴¹
Macrophage Gal/GalNAc-specific C-type lectin (MGL)	Ebola virus,^113,114 Influenza A virus,¹¹⁵ Marburg virus^73,113
Mannose receptor (MR)	Dengue virus,³⁴ Human immunodeficiency virus,^116–123 Influenza A virus,^115,124 Visna/Maedi virus¹²⁵
Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILR-α)	Herpes simplex virus,^126–132 Pseudorabies virus¹²⁹
Siglec-1 (Sialoadhesin)	Human immunodeficiency virus,^133–135 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus^136–139
Siglec-4 (Myelin-associated glycoprotein; MAG)	Herpes simplex virus,¹⁴⁰ Varicella-zoster virus¹⁴⁰
Soluble lectin
Galectin-1 (Gal-1)	Human immunodeficiency virus^dimt, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus¹⁴¹
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)	Ebola virus,^36,142–144 Hendra virus,^142,144 Nipah virus,^142,144 West Nile virus^144–146
Surfactant protein A (SP-A)	Human immunodeficiency virus,¹⁴⁷ Respiratory syncytial virus^148–152
Surfactant protein D (SP-D)	Human immunodeficiency virus^153,154

Although capture of a virus by these lectins may have certain antiviral effects or promote the specific immunity against this pathogen, current experimental data suggest that the listed viruses may also employ these lectins to promote viral infection, spread or persistence.

References in Table 2 are listed in Supporting Information, Data S2. dimt: discussed in main text.