Table 3.
Adjusted Means and Standard Errors for Change in Psychiatric symptoms and Functioning across Acute-Treatment and Follow-up Assessments for CBIT Treatment Responders
| Measure | Baseline | Posttreatment | 6-month | F | Sig. | Partial η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tic Severity | ||||||
| Yale Global Tic Severity Scale | ||||||
| Total Tic Score | 25.06 (0.96) | 15.88 (1.58)a | 14.38 (2.16)a | 21.22 | <.001 | .75 |
| Psychiatric Symptoms | ||||||
| Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale | ||||||
| Total | 4.88 (1.91) | 2.88 (1.23) | 3.56 (1.24) | 0.91 | .43 | .12 |
| Obsessions | 1.31 (0.82) | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.94 (0.53) | 0.65 | .54 | .09 |
| Compulsions | 3.56 (1.32) | 2.38 (0.95) | 2.63 (0.99) | 0.51 | .61 | .07 |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale – IV | ||||||
| Total | 17.79 (3.52) | 15.14 (2.58) | 11.21 (2.30) | 3.04 | .09 | .34 |
| Hyperactivity/Impulsivity | 9.21 (1.65) | 7.50 (1.38) | 6.07 (1.10) | 1.77 | .21 | .23 |
| Inattention | 8.57 (2.11) | 7.64 (1.50) | 5.14 (1.36)b | 5.51 | .02 | .48 |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II | ||||||
| Total | 5.63 (1.86) | 4.44 (1.94) | 2.88 (0.97) | 2.58 | .11 | .27 |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | ||||||
| Total | 6.19 (1.44) | 5.19 (1.95) | 4.25 (1.20) | 2.00 | .17 | .22 |
| State Trait Anger Expression Inventory | ||||||
| Trait | 14.57 (1.00) | 12.79 (0.83) | 13.79 (0.92) | 3.01 | .09 | .33 |
| State | 16.64 (0.84) | 15.86 (0.78) | 15.71 (0.46) | 0.57 | .58 | .09 |
| Functional Outcomes | ||||||
| Sheehan Disability Scale | ||||||
| Total | 7.60 (1.68) | 4.00 (1.53)a | 4.20 (1.55) | 4.79 | .03 | .42 |
| Work | 2.60 (0.70) | 1.27 (0.61)a | 1.20 (0.52)a | 4.09 | .04 | .39 |
| Social | 2.67 (0.54) | 1.77 (0.53) | 1.73 (0.59) | 3.49 | .06 | .35 |
| Family | 2.33 (0.74) | 1.00 (0.46) | 1.27 (0.54) | 2.67 | .11 | .29 |
| Brief Family Assessment Measure – Brief | ||||||
| Total | 24.08 (1.92) | 22.67 (1.86) | 23.58 (2.09) | 0.51 | .61 | .09 |
| Social Adjustment Scale – Self-Report | ||||||
| Overall | 1.85 (0.15) | 1.80 (0.17) | 1.69 (0.14) | 1.01 | .40 | .17 |
| Primary Occupation/Role | 1.78 (0.32) | 1.82 (0.34) | 1.78 (0.34) | 0.05 | .95 | .01 |
| Social Leisure | 1.99 (0.18) | 2.02 (0.18) | 1.82 (0.13) | 1.79 | .21 | .23 |
| Extended Family | 1.57 (0.13) | 1.46 (0.14) | 1.41 (0.10) | 1.94 | .19 | .25 |
| Primary Relationship | 1.92 (0.15) | 1.83 (0.16) | 2.00 (0.30) | 0.20 | .83 | .17 |
| Parental Rolec | 1.50 | 1.25 | 1.25 | |||
| Family Unit | 1.52 (0.24) | 1.39 (0.17) | 1.48 (0.25) | 0.21 | .82 | .04 |
Note. CBIT = Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics;
a =
significantly different from baseline;
b =
significantly different from posttreatment
c =
only 1 participant had complete data on parental role